View source for Air Midwest Flight 5481

{{Infobox Airliner accident|name=Air Midwest Flight 5481|
Date=[[8 January]] [[2003]] |
Type=Maintenance error |
Site=Charlotte, North Carolina |
Fatalities=21 |
Injuries=1 |
bgcol=transparent |
Aircraft Type=Beechcraft 1900D |
Operator=Air Midwest |
Tail Number=N233YV |
Passengers=19 |
Crew=2 |
Survivors = 0 |
}}

'''Air Midwest Flight 5481''' operating as '''US Airways Express Flight 5481''', was a flight from [[Charlotte/Douglas International Airport]] in [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], [[North Carolina]], [[United States]] to [[Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport]] in [[Greer, South Carolina|Greer]], [[South Carolina]], near the cities of [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]] and [[Spartanburg, South Carolina|Spartanburg]]; on [[January 8]], [[2003]] a [[Beechcraft 1900|Beechcraft 1900D]] operated by [[Air Midwest]] as [[US Airways Express]] under a franchise agreement used for the route crashed into a US Airways hangar and burst into flames 37 seconds after leaving Charlotte Airport.

All 19 passengers and 2 pilots aboard died in the accident, and 1 person on the ground received minor injuries. None of the US Airways employees working in the hangar received injuries. <ref>"[http://web.archive.org/web/20030210174317/www.usairways.com/about/press/nw_03_0108b.htm  AIR MIDWEST FLIGHT 5481 NOTIFICATION #2]," ''[[US Airways]]''</ref>

No [[flight attendant]]s were on the flight because the Beech 1900D aircraft, with 19 seats, is exempt from US Federal regulations requiring a flight attendant.  Operating without a flight attendant is considered normal for these aircraft.

The subject of this crash was featured in a ''[[Mayday (TV series)|Mayday]]'' (''Air Crash Investigation'', ''Air Emergency'') episode entitled "Dead Weight," first broadcasted in the [[United Kingdom]] on the [[National Geographic Channel]] in early 2008.

== Crew and passengers ==
This is a list by residence <ref name="FinalNameList">"[http://web.archive.org/web/20030202035549/www.usairways.com/about/press/nw_03_0110a.htm AIR MIDWEST 5481 CREW AND PASSENGER NAME LIST AMPLIFICATION]," ''[[US Airways]]''</ref>:
{|class="wikitable" 
|-bgcolor=ccccff
!rowspan=1|Residence||colspan=1|Passengers||colspan=1|Crew||colspan=1|Total
|-bgcolor=ccccff
|-valign=top
|{{BAH}}||3||0||3
|-valign=top
|{{CAN}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{IND}}||2||0||2
|-valign=top
|{{POR}}||1||0||1
|-valign=top
|{{USA}}||12||2||14
|-valign=top
|'''Total'''||'''19'''||'''2'''||'''21'''
|}

The resident of the [[Azores]], Portugal was a U.S. citizen.<ref>"[http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/aviation/usairwayscharlotte/USAirwaysAirMidwest.htm More families sue airlines, maintenance companies and plane maker in Charlotte US Airways / Air Midwest crash;]." ''Baum Hedlund''.</ref><ref name="DeadWeight">"Dead Weight." ''[[Mayday (TV series)|Mayday]]''.</ref>

Katie Leslie served as the pilot and Jonathan Gibbs served as the first officer; both served from the Charlotte station.<ref>"[http://web.archive.org/web/20030210175219/www.usairways.com/about/press/nw_03_0108d.htm  AIR MIDWEST FLIGHT 5481 CREW AND PARTIAL PASSENGER NAME LIST NOTIFICATION #4]," ''[[US Airways]]''</ref><ref name="FinalNameList"/><ref>"[http://web.archive.org/web/20030210173911/www.usairways.com/about/press/nw_03_0108e.htm AIR MIDWEST FLIGHT 5481 CREW AND PASSENGER NAME LIST UPDATE NOTIFICATION #5]," ''[[US Airways]]''</ref>

== Cause of the crash ==
At first it was believed that a [[fuel cap]] on the runway caused the crash, because 3 years earlier a Concorde aircraft crashed in Paris killing 113 people due to debris on the runway (''See [[Air France Flight 4590]]''). But close inspection of the fuel cap revealed no significant damage.
Another possibility was that Flight 5481 encountered wake turbelence, the theory was backed-up when investigators discovered a Bombardier CRJ took off earlier on the same runway. 1 year earlier American Airlines Flight 587 crashed when it encountered turbelence killing 265 people, but the flight path of flight 5481 did not follow the CRJ. 

The NTSB determined the crash to have been the result of two separate issues.

After take-off, the plane climbed steeply before stalling, despite both pilots pushing the [[Yoke (aircraft)|control column]] forward. The aircraft's most recent service involved adjusting the elevator control cable, and was performed two nights before the crash at a repair facility located at [[Tri-State Airport]] in [[Huntington, West Virginia]]. During the investigation, it emerged that the mechanic who worked on the elevator cables had never worked on this type of aircraft. Investigation revealed that [[turnbuckle]]s controlling [[tension]] on the cables to the elevators had been set incorrectly, resulting in insufficient elevator travel, leading to the pilots not having sufficient pitch control. 

Although the pilots had totalled up the take-off weight of the aircraft before the flight and determined it to be within limits, the plane was actually overloaded and out of balance, due to the use of incorrect (but [[FAA]] approved) passenger weight estimates (which were over 20 pounds lighter than the actual weight of an average passenger). After checking the actual weight of baggage (retrieved from the crash site), and passengers (based on information from next-of-kin and the medical examiner), it was found that the aircraft was actually 600 pounds above its maximum allowable take-off weight, with its center of gravity 5% rear of allowable limits.

It was determined that neither problem alone would have caused the loss of control, which explains why it departed Huntington, West Virginia safely.

==Aftermath==
As a result of the weight issues discovered, the FAA planned to investigate and potentially revise estimated weight values, something that wasn't done since 1936.
Air carriers now directly oversee all maintenance so that even inexperienced mechanics get the job done correctly.
Air Midwest now use an average weight of 200 pounds per passenger, but the NTSB suggests that airlines use actual weights instead of average. 70% of small air carriers still use average.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20030210174933/www.usairways.com/about/press/nw_03_0108c.htm STATEMENT BY US AIRWAYS PRESIDENT AND CEO DAVID SIEGEL ON AIR MIDWEST ACCIDENT] [[US Airways]]
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20030524125230/mesa.client.shareholder.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=98921 Incident Involving US Airways Express Flight 5481 Operated by Air Midwest, Inc.] ''[[Mesa Airlines]]''
*[http://www.ntsb.gov/events/2003/AM5481/ Investigation from National Transportation Safety Board]
*[http://www.detnews.com/2003/nation/0301/09/nation-56149.htm Investigators check black boxes from N.C. plane crash]
*{{cite web | title = NTSB report into the accident | url = http://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/2004/AAR0401.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 2008-03-05}}
*[http://www.newsnet5.com/news/1877132/detail.html More About Flight 5481 Passengers, Crew]
*[http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/Aviation/AirMidwestApology.htm Companies Accept Responsibility and Publicly Apologize to the Families of the January 8, 2003 Air Midwest Flight 5481 Crash in Charlotte, North Carolina]
*[http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/pdf/AnotherLevelOfJustice-ThePublicApology.pdf Air Midwest Public Apology] from Baum Hedlund Law

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[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 2003]]
[[Category:2003 in the United States]]
[[Category:History of Charlotte, North Carolina]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents on commercial airliners in the United States]]
[[Category:Airliner crashes caused by maintenance errors]]
[[Category:Disasters in North Carolina]]

[[zh:中西航空5481號班機]]