Korcula and Italian Wikipedia
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- Below taken from it.wikipedia.org Link
Additional editing done by Peter Z. 11:26, 8 April 2011 (UTC)
For the original from Goole Translate link here Note: Clearly Google Translate is not 100% accurate.Peter Z. 01:10, 9 April 2011 (UTC)
Korcula Town
Curzola (in Croatian Korčula) [1] is the largest city of the island of Korčula in Dalmatia. [2][3]
The town of Korčula is made up of five settlements (naselje):
- Korčula
- Bùgnore (Žrnovo)
- Poponatta (Pupnat)
- Porto Barbieri (Račišće)
- Villa Chiarra (Čara)
History
Korčula was a Bishopric[4] from 1300 to 1828. Up till 1900s the Italians (Venetians) [5] constituted over half the population of Korčula town (and the nearby village of Petrara). [6] Following the island's annexation by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia their number decreased. The massacres of Croatians by the communists after World War II caused the flight of the last remaining native Italians in the town.
Italians from Korcula in the nineteenth and twentieth century
At the census of 1910 Italians were 25% of the population of the centre of Korčula and 15% of the nearby village of Petrara (Vrnik). In the rest of the town, as well as in the rest of the island, there was an Italian population. The majority of Italians were made by small artisans, especially cut-stones, masons and carpenters, trades in which these Curzolani Petrara (Vrnik) and those of teachers and were known and appreciated beyond the borders of Dalmatia. A minority, however, was made up of landowners, merchants and retailers. In 1861 Curzolani political representatives of the Italian language were family members of Auditors Smerchinich (Smerkinić, of Slavic origin or Smrkinić).
In 1867 Mr Smerchinich was elected to parliament in Vienna. However, the Slavicisation of the town had already begun by the Austrian authorities, who considered the Croats more loyal subjects than the Italians. In 1893, there was protests by the local population. The imperial authorities did close the local Italian school and education was provided solely in Korčula in Croatia. But Korcula city continued to vote for Smerchinich compactly. Moreover, in response to the growing work of the City being slavicized. In 1895 , was founded one of the first sites of the National League, which strove for the preservation of Italian language and culture on site. However, despite the forced Slavicisation by the local authorities, in 1909 Korcula still had a bilingual character. With the collapse of Austria-Hungary following the end of World War I fierce disputes started between the Italians and Croatians.
On November 4, 1918 , the Italian navy occupied the city.
Many at the time, also gave some to a shipment of D'Annunzio in Korcula, similar to the story of the River. = ?
However, in 1921, Italy gave up and retreated from the island, throwing the town into turmoil and depression within the local Italian population (then about 900 people). The situation was aggravated by the fact that between 1918 and 1920 , the Italian authorities of occupation had incited and carried on with local anti-Yugoslav political events. This policy had created animosity among Italians and Croats, who were afraid of the risk of reprisals at the time of the advent of the sovereignty of Yugoslavia, and the risk of an exodus of the Italian population. In March 1921, the exodus of Italians Curzolani began. This was accelerated by events and rallies hostile to Italy and the Italians, that were repeated every day. They were fuelled by the Arneri brothers, former Austrian officials.
In May 1921 , more than half of local Italians had left the island. At the end of that year, only 180 Italians who stay on the island, meet at former Italin school. In 1923 , the number of Italians had been reduced to 46. However, some had preferred the Yugoslav citizenship for not losing their economic activities. Indeed, in 1933 the mixed elementary school had 40 pupils Italian town. Korcula also continued to operate the Italian Union, an association chaired by Michele Smerchinich, with 41 members remaining members of the main Italian families (Benussi, Damianovich, Depolo, Perucich, Radizza, Smerchinich, Vinz, Zanetti). At the end of World War II, however, there were no longer Italians left on Korčula.
Towns and municipalities in the region of Dubrovnik-Neretva
Korčula · Metcovich (Metković) · Fort Opus (Opuzen) · Porto Toler (Ploče) · Ragusa (Dubrovnik) Common: Blatta (Blato) · Dubrovačko Primorje · Iagnina (Janjina) · Valley Channels (Konavle) · Norino Tower (Kula Norinska) · Lastovo (Lastovo) · Lombarda (Lumbarda) · Mljet (Mljet) · Pojezerje · Sabbioncello (Orebić ) · Slivno · Smoquizza (Smokvica) · Pond (Stone) · Trpanj (Trpanj) · Vallegrande (Vela Luka) · Zažablje · Župa dubrovačka ·
References
- ^ In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ch and is written "č".
- ^ ""Korcula." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Tue. 8 Mar. 2011." (2011). Retrieved on 2011-03-8.
- Encyclopædia Britannica: "Korčula, Italian Curzola, Greek Corcyra Melaina, island in the Adriatic Sea, on the Dalmatian coast, in Croatia. With an area of 107 square miles (276 square km), it has a hilly interior rising to 1,863 feet (568 m). The Greeks colonized it in the 4th century bc. Korčula was subsequently occupied by the Romans, Goths, Slavs, Byzantines, and Genoese; the kings of Hungary and Croatia"
- ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica (publ. 1911):
- "CURZOLA (Serbo-Croatian Korcula or Karkar), an island in the Adriatic Sea, forming part of Dalmatia, Austria; and lying west of the Sabioncello promontory, from which it is divided by a strait less than 2 M. wide. Its length is about 25 m.; its average breadth, 4 m. Curzola (Korcula), the capital and principal port, is a fortified town on the east coast, and occupies a rocky foreland almost surrounded by the sea."
- ^ Bishopric or Diocese is an ecclesiastical region run by a bishop in the Roman Catholic, Orthodox Christian, Anglican and some Lutheran churches.
- ^ Editors note: Concerning the Number of Italians/Pro-Italians in Dalmatia in the XIXth Century by Šime Peričić
- "It is true, then a small colony of Italians where in Sibenik, on the island of Korcula, Hvar and Vis, and other places of the province."
- ^ Skoji Islands - Korcula Archipelago: "Petrara or Vrnik is the second largest island in Skoji Archipelago. This is populated island, with the village of the same name. Vrnik is the site of the oldest and most famous Korčula quarry. There are only couple of families that presently live in this picturesque village, and some of them let rooms and apartments to tourists."
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See also
