Module:IPA symbol/data
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Template:Collapse top Template:Float <templatestyles src="Module:IPA symbol/overview/styles.css"></templatestyles>No errors were found. 428 entries (377 in "sounds", 51 in "diacritics"), 877 symbols (683 in "sounds", 194 in "diacritics").
Parentheses denote a link automatically inherited from the name field. In italics are redirects.
Name | Symbols | Article | Audio | Group | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voiceless bilabial nasal | m̥ | (Voiceless bilabial nasal) | sounds | ||
Voiced bilabial nasal | m | (Voiced bilabial nasal) | Bilabial nasal.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced labiodental nasal | ɱ | (Voiced labiodental nasal) | Labiodental nasal.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced linguolabial nasal | n̼ | (Voiced linguolabial nasal) | Linguolabial nasal.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced dental nasal | n̪ | (Voiced dental nasal) | sounds | ||
Voiceless alveolar nasal | n̥ | (Voiceless alveolar nasal) | sounds | ||
Voiced alveolar nasal | n | (Voiced alveolar nasal) | Alveolar nasal.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced postalveolar nasal | n̠ | (Voiced postalveolar nasal) | sounds | ||
Voiceless retroflex nasal | ɳ̊ , ɳ̥ | (Voiceless retroflex nasal) | sounds | ||
Voiced retroflex nasal | ɳ | (Voiced retroflex nasal) | Retroflex nasal.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal | n̠̊ʲ , ɲ̊˖ , ɲ̟̊ , ȵ̊ | (Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal) | sounds | ||
Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal | n̠ʲ , ɲ˖ , ɲ̟ , ȵ | (Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal) | sounds | ||
Voiceless palatal nasal | ɲ̊ , ɲ̥ | (Voiceless palatal nasal) | sounds | ||
Voiced palatal nasal | ɲ | (Voiced palatal nasal) | Palatal nasal.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced post-palatal nasal | ɲ˗ , ɲ̠ , ŋ˖ , ŋ̟ | (Voiced post-palatal nasal) | sounds | ||
Voiceless velar nasal | ŋ̊ , ŋ̥ | (Voiceless velar nasal) | sounds | ||
Voiced velar nasal | ŋ | (Voiced velar nasal) | Velar nasal.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced pre-uvular nasal | ɴ̟ , ŋ˗ , ŋ̠ | (Voiced pre-uvular nasal) | sounds | ||
Voiced uvular nasal | ɴ | (Voiced uvular nasal) | Uvular nasal.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless bilabial plosive | p | (Voiceless bilabial plosive) | Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced bilabial plosive | b | (Voiced bilabial plosive) | Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless labiodental plosive | p̪ , p͆ | (Voiceless labiodental plosive) | sounds | ||
Voiced labiodental plosive | b̪ | (Voiced labiodental plosive) | sounds | ||
Voiceless linguolabial plosive | t̼ | (Voiceless linguolabial plosive) | Voiceless linguolabial stop.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced linguolabial plosive | d̼ | (Voiced linguolabial plosive) | Voiced linguolabial stop.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless dental plosive | t̪ | (Voiceless dental plosive) | Voiceless dental stop.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced dental plosive | d̪ | (Voiced dental plosive) | Voiced dental stop.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar plosive | t | (Voiceless alveolar plosive) | Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar plosive | d | (Voiced alveolar plosive) | Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless postalveolar plosive | t̠ | (Voiceless postalveolar plosive) | sounds | ||
Voiced postalveolar plosive | d̠ | (Voiced postalveolar plosive) | sounds | ||
Voiceless retroflex plosive | ʈ | (Voiceless retroflex plosive) | Voiceless retroflex stop.oga (play) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex plosive | ɖ | (Voiced retroflex plosive) | Voiced retroflex stop.oga (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive | t̠ʲ , c̟ , ȶ | (Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive) | sounds | ||
Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive | d̠ʲ , ɟ˖ , ɟ̟ , ȡ | (Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive) | sounds | ||
Voiceless palatal plosive | c | (Voiceless palatal plosive) | Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced palatal plosive | ɟ | (Voiced palatal plosive) | Voiced palatal plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless post-palatal plosive | c̠ , k̟ | (Voiceless post-palatal plosive) | sounds | ||
Voiced post-palatal plosive | ɟ˗ , ɟ̠ , ɡ˖ , ɡ̟ | (Voiced post-palatal plosive) | sounds | ||
Voiceless velar plosive | k | (Voiceless velar plosive) | Voiceless velar plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced velar plosive | ɡ | (Voiced velar plosive) | Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless pre-uvular plosive | q˖ , q̟ , k̠ | (Voiceless pre-uvular plosive) | sounds | ||
Voiced pre-uvular plosive | ɢ̟ , ɡ˗ , ɡ̠ | (Voiced pre-uvular plosive) | sounds | ||
Voiceless uvular plosive | q | (Voiceless uvular plosive) | Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced uvular plosive | ɢ | (Voiced uvular plosive) | Voiced uvular stop.oga (play) | sounds | |
Epiglottal plosive | ʡ | (Epiglottal plosive) | Epiglottal stop.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Glottal stop | ʔ | (Glottal stop) | Glottal stop.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless bilabial affricate | pɸ | (Voiceless bilabial affricate) | Voiceless bilabial affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced bilabial affricate | bβ | (Voiced bilabial affricate) | sounds | ||
Voiceless labiodental affricate | p̪f , p͆f , pf | (Voiceless labiodental affricate) | Voiceless labiodental affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced labiodental affricate | b̪v , bv | (Voiced labiodental affricate) | Voiced labiodental affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless dental affricate | t̪s̪ , ts̪ , t̟s̟ , ts̟ | (Voiceless dental affricate) | Voiceless dental sibilant affricate.oga (play) | sounds | |
Voiced dental affricate | d̪z̪ , dz̪ , d̟z̟ , dz̟ | (Voiced dental affricate) | Voiced dental sibilant affricate.oga (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate | t̪θ , t̟θ , tθ | (Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate) | Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate.oga (play) | sounds | |
Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate | d̪ð , d̟ð , dð | (Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate) | Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate.oga (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar affricate | ts , ʦ | (Voiceless alveolar affricate) | Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar affricate | dz , ʣ | (Voiced alveolar affricate) | Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate | t̺s̺ , ts̺ , t̠s̠ , ts̠ | (Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate) | sounds | ||
Voiced apico-alveolar affricate | d̺z̺ , dz̺ , d̠z̠ , dz̠ | (Voiced apico-alveolar affricate) | sounds | ||
Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate | tɹ̝̊ , tɹ̥ , tθ̠ , tθ͇ | (Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate) | sounds | ||
Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate | dɹ̝ , dɹ , dð̠ , dð͇ | (Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate) | sounds | ||
Voiceless postalveolar affricate | t̠ʃ , tʃ , ʧ | (Voiceless postalveolar affricate) | Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced postalveolar affricate | d̠ʒ , dʒ , ʤ | (Voiced postalveolar affricate) | Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate | t̠ɹ̠̊˔ , tɹ̠̊˔ , tɹ̝̊˗ , t̠ɹ̝̊˗ , t̠ɹ̠̊ , tɹ̠̊ | (Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate) | Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate | d̠ɹ̠˔ , dɹ̠˔ , dɹ̝˗ , d̠ɹ̝˗ , d̠ɹ̠ , dɹ̠ | (Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate) | Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless retroflex affricate | ʈʂ , tʂ | (Voiceless retroflex affricate) | Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex affricate | ɖʐ , dʐ | (Voiced retroflex affricate) | Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate | tɕ , cɕ , ʨ | (Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate) | Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate | dʑ , ɟʑ , ʥ | (Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate) | Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless palatal affricate | cç | (Voiceless palatal affricate) | Voiceless palatal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced palatal affricate | ɟʝ | (Voiced palatal affricate) | Voiced palatal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless post-palatal affricate | c̠ç˗ , cç˗ , c̠ç̠ , cç̠ , k̟x̟ , kx̟ | (Voiceless post-palatal affricate) | sounds | ||
Voiced post-palatal affricate | ɟ˗ʝ˗ , ɟʝ˗ , ɟ̠ʝ̠ , ɟʝ̠ , ɡ˖ɣ˖ , ɡɣ˖ , ɡ̟ɣ̟ , ɡɣ̟ | (Voiced post-palatal affricate) | sounds | ||
Voiceless velar affricate | kx | (Voiceless velar affricate) | Voiceless velar affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced velar affricate | ɡɣ | (Voiced velar affricate) | Voiced velar affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless pre-uvular affricate | q˖χ˖ , qχ˖ , q̟χ̟ , qχ̟ , k̠x̠ , kx̠ | (Voiceless pre-uvular affricate) | sounds | ||
Voiceless uvular affricate | qχ | (Voiceless uvular affricate) | Voiceless uvular affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced uvular affricate | ɢʁ | (Voiced uvular affricate) | Voiced uvular affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless pharyngeal affricate | ʡħ | (Voiceless pharyngeal affricate) | sounds | ||
Voiceless epiglottal affricate | ʡʜ | (Voiceless epiglottal affricate) | Voiceless epiglottal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced epiglottal affricate | ʡʢ | (Voiced epiglottal affricate) | Voiced epiglottal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless glottal affricate | ʔh | (Voiceless glottal affricate) | Voiceless glottal affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless bilabial fricative | ɸ , β̞̊ , β̥˕ | (Voiceless bilabial fricative) | Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced bilabial fricative | β | (Voiced bilabial fricative) | Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless labiodental fricative | f , ʋ̥ , f̞ | (Voiceless labiodental fricative) | Voiceless labiodental fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced labiodental fricative | v | (Voiced labiodental fricative) | Voiced labiodental fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless linguolabial fricative | θ̼ | (Voiceless linguolabial fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiced linguolabial fricative | ð̼ | (Voiced linguolabial fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiceless dental fricative | θ , θ̞ | (Voiceless dental fricative) | Voiceless dental fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced dental fricative | ð | (Voiced dental fricative) | Voiced dental fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless dental sibilant fricative | s̪ | (Voiceless dental sibilant fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiced dental sibilant fricative | z̪ | (Voiced dental sibilant fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative | s̻̪ , s̪̻ , s̻͆ , s̟ | (Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiceless alveolar fricative | s | (Voiceless alveolar fricative) | Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar fricative | z | (Voiced alveolar fricative) | Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative | s̺ | (Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiced apico-alveolar fricative | z̺ | (Voiced apico-alveolar fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiceless alveolar retracted fricative | s̠ | (Voiceless alveolar retracted fricative) | Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar retracted fricative | z̠ | (Voiced alveolar retracted fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative | θ̠ , θ͇ , ɹ̝̊ , ɹ̥ | (Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative) | Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative | ð̠ , ð͇ , ɹ̝ | (Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative) | Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative | ɾ̞̊ | (Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiced alveolar tapped fricative | ɾ̞ | (Voiced alveolar tapped fricative) | Voiced alveolar tapped fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless postalveolar fricative | ʃ | (Voiceless postalveolar fricative) | Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced postalveolar fricative | ʒ | (Voiced postalveolar fricative) | Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative | ɹ̠̊˔ , ɹ̝̊˗ | (Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative) | Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative | ɹ̠˔ , ɹ̝˗ | (Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative) | Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless retroflex fricative | ʂ | (Voiceless retroflex fricative) | Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex fricative | ʐ | (Voiced retroflex fricative) | Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative | ɻ̝ , ɻ˔ , ɻ̊ | (Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative | ɕ | (Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative) | Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative | ʑ | (Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative) | Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless palatal fricative | ç | (Voiceless palatal fricative) | Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced palatal fricative | ʝ , j̊ | (Voiced palatal fricative) | Voiced palatal fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless post-palatal fricative | ç˗ , ç̠ , x̟ | (Voiceless post-palatal fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiced post-palatal fricative | ʝ˗ , ʝ̠ , ɣ˖ , ɣ̟ | (Voiced post-palatal fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiceless velar fricative | x , ɰ̊ , x̞ , ɣ̊˕ , ɣ̞̊ | (Voiceless velar fricative) | Voiceless velar fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced velar fricative | ɣ | (Voiced velar fricative) | Voiced velar fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless pre-uvular fricative | χ˖ , χ̟ , x̠ | (Voiceless pre-uvular fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiced pre-uvular fricative | ʁ̟ , ɣ˗ , ɣ̠ | (Voiced pre-uvular fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiceless uvular fricative | χ | (Voiceless uvular fricative) | Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced uvular fricative | ʁ | (Voiced uvular fricative) | Voiced uvular fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless pharyngeal fricative | ħ | (Voiceless pharyngeal fricative) | Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced pharyngeal fricative | ʕ | (Voiced pharyngeal fricative) | Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless glottal fricative | h | (Voiceless glottal fricative) | Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced glottal fricative | ɦ | (Voiced glottal fricative) | Voiced glottal fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless bidental fricative | h̪͆ | (Voiceless bidental fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiced bilabial approximant | β̞ | (Voiced bilabial approximant) | Bilabial approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced labiodental approximant | ʋ | (Voiced labiodental approximant) | Labiodental approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced dental approximant | ð̞ | (Voiced dental approximant) | Voiced dental approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar approximant | ɹ | (Voiced alveolar approximant) | Alveolar approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced postalveolar approximant | ɹ̠ | (Voiced postalveolar approximant) | Postalveolar approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex approximant | ɻ | (Voiced retroflex approximant) | Retroflex approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced palatal approximant | j , ʝ˕ , ʝ̞ | (Voiced palatal approximant) | Palatal approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced post-palatal approximant | j˗ , j̠ , ɰ̟ , ɰ˖ , ʝ˕˗ , ʝ˗˕ , ʝ̞˗ , ɣ˕˖ , ɣ˖˕ , ɣ̞˖ | (Voiced post-palatal approximant) | Post-palatal approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced velar approximant | ɰ , ɣ˕ , ɣ̞ | (Voiced velar approximant) | Voiced velar approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced uvular approximant | ʁ̞ | (Voiced uvular approximant) | Voiced Uvular Approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced pharyngeal approximant | ʕ̞ | (Voiced pharyngeal approximant) | sounds | ||
Voiced epiglottal approximant | ʢ̞ | (Voiced epiglottal approximant) | sounds | ||
Creaky-voiced glottal approximant | ʔ̞ , ʔ̰ | (Creaky-voiced glottal approximant) | sounds | ||
Voiced bilabial flap | ⱱ̟ , b̆ | (Voiced bilabial flap) | sounds | ||
Voiced labiodental flap | ⱱ | (Voiced labiodental flap) | Labiodental flap.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced linguolabial tap | ɾ̼ | (Voiced linguolabial tap) | sounds | ||
Voiced dental tap or flap | ɾ̪ | Dental tap | sounds | ||
Voiceless alveolar tap or flap | ɾ̥ | Voiceless alveolar tap | sounds | ||
Voiced alveolar tap or flap | ɾ | Alveolar tap | Alveolar tap.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced postalveolar flap | ɾ̠ | (Voiced postalveolar flap) | sounds | ||
Voiced alveolar nasal tap or flap | ɾ̃ , n̆ | Alveolar nasal tap | sounds | ||
Voiceless retroflex flap | ɽ̊ | (Voiceless retroflex flap) | sounds | ||
Voiced retroflex flap | ɽ | (Voiced retroflex flap) | Retroflex flap.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced uvular tap or flap | ɢ̆ , ʀ̆ | Uvular tap and flap | sounds | ||
Voiced epiglottal tap | ʡ̆ , ʢ̆ | (Voiced epiglottal tap) | Epiglottal flap.oga (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless bilabial trill | ʙ̥ | (Voiceless bilabial trill) | Voiceless bilabial trill with aspiration.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced bilabial trill | ʙ | (Voiced bilabial trill) | Bilabial trill.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced linguolabial trill | r̼ | (Voiced linguolabial trill) | Linguolabial trill.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced dental trill | r̪ | (Voiced dental trill) | sounds | ||
Voiceless alveolar trill | r̥ | (Voiceless alveolar trill) | Voiceless alveolar trill.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar trill | r | (Voiced alveolar trill) | Alveolar trill.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar fricative trill | r̝̊ | (Voiceless alveolar fricative trill) | sounds | ||
Voiced alveolar fricative trill | r̝ | (Voiced alveolar fricative trill) | Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced postalveolar trill | r̠ | (Voiced postalveolar trill) | Voiced postalveolar trill.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless retroflex trill | ɽ̊r̥ , ɽr̥ | (Voiceless retroflex trill) | sounds | ||
Voiced retroflex trill | ɽr | (Voiced retroflex trill) | Voiced retroflex trill.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill | ʀ̝̊˖ , ʀ̟̊˔ | (Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill) | sounds | ||
Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill | ʀ̝˖ , ʀ̟˔ | (Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill) | sounds | ||
Voiceless uvular trill | ʀ̥ | (Voiceless uvular trill) | Voiceless uvular trill.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced uvular trill | ʀ | (Voiced uvular trill) | Uvular trill.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless uvular fricative trill | ʀ̝̊ | (Voiceless uvular fricative trill) | sounds | ||
Voiced uvular fricative trill | ʀ̝ | (Voiced uvular fricative trill) | sounds | ||
Voiceless epiglottal trill | ʜ | (Voiceless epiglottal trill) | Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced epiglottal trill | ʢ | (Voiced epiglottal trill) | Voiced epiglottal trill 2.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate | tɬ , ƛ | (Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate) | Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar lateral affricate | dɮ | (Voiced alveolar lateral affricate) | Voiced alveolar lateral affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate | ʈɭ̊˔ , ʈɭ̊ | (Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate) | sounds | ||
Voiced retroflex lateral affricate | ɖɭ˔ , ɖɭ | (Voiced retroflex lateral affricate) | sounds | ||
Voiceless palatal lateral affricate | cʎ̝̊ , cʎ̥ | (Voiceless palatal lateral affricate) | Voiceless palatal lateral affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced palatal lateral affricate | ɟʎ̝ , ɟʎ | (Voiced palatal lateral affricate) | sounds | ||
Voiceless velar lateral affricate | kʟ̝̊ , kʟ̥ | (Voiceless velar lateral affricate) | Voiceless velar lateral affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced velar lateral affricate | ɡʟ̝ , ɡʟ | (Voiced velar lateral affricate) | Voiced velar lateral affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless dental lateral fricative | ɬ̪ | (Voiceless dental lateral fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiced dental lateral fricative | ɮ̪ , ɮ͆ | (Voiced dental lateral fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative | ɬ , l̥ | (Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative) | Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar lateral fricative | ɮ | (Voiced alveolar lateral fricative) | Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative | ɭ̊˔ , ꞎ , ɭ̊ | (Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative) | Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex lateral fricative | ɭ˔ | (Voiced retroflex lateral fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative | ɬ̠ʲ , ʎ̝̊˖ , ȴ̊˔ , l̠̊ʲ , ʎ̟̊ , ȴ̊ | (Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiceless palatal lateral fricative | ʎ̝̊ , ʎ̥ | (Voiceless palatal lateral fricative) | Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced palatal lateral fricative | ʎ̝ | (Voiced palatal lateral fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiceless velar lateral fricative | ʟ̝̊ , ʟ̥ | (Voiceless velar lateral fricative) | Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced velar lateral fricative | ʟ̝ | (Voiced velar lateral fricative) | Voiced velar lateral fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced dental lateral approximant | l̪ | (Voiced dental lateral approximant) | Voiced dental lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar lateral approximant | l | (Voiced alveolar lateral approximant) | Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant | l̠ | (Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant) | Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced retroflex lateral approximant | ɭ | (Voiced retroflex lateral approximant) | Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant | l̠ʲ , ʎ̟ , ȴ | (Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant) | sounds | ||
Voiced palatal lateral approximant | ʎ | (Voiced palatal lateral approximant) | Palatal lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced velar lateral approximant | ʟ | (Voiced velar lateral approximant) | Velar lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced uvular lateral approximant | ʟ̠ | (Voiced uvular lateral approximant) | Uvular lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar lateral flap | ɺ̥ | (Voiceless alveolar lateral flap) | sounds | ||
Voiced alveolar lateral flap | ɺ | (Voiced alveolar lateral flap) | sounds | ||
Voiceless retroflex lateral flap | ɭ̥̆ | (Voiceless retroflex lateral flap) | sounds | ||
Voiced retroflex lateral flap | ɭ̆ | (Voiced retroflex lateral flap) | sounds | ||
Voiced palatal lateral flap | ʎ̆ | (Voiced palatal lateral flap) | sounds | ||
Voiced velar lateral tap | ʟ̆ | (Voiced velar lateral tap) | sounds | ||
Bilabial ejective stop | pʼ | (Bilabial ejective stop) | Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Dental ejective stop | t̪ʼ | (Dental ejective stop) | sounds | ||
Alveolar ejective stop | tʼ | (Alveolar ejective stop) | Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Retroflex ejective stop | ʈʼ | (Retroflex ejective stop) | Retroflex ejective.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Palatal ejective stop | cʼ | (Palatal ejective stop) | Palatal ejective.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Velar ejective stop | kʼ | (Velar ejective stop) | Velar ejective plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Uvular ejective stop | qʼ | (Uvular ejective stop) | Uvular ejective plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Epiglottal ejective | ʡʼ | (Epiglottal ejective) | Epiglottal ejective.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Dental ejective affricate | t̪θʼ , t̟θʼ , tθʼ | (Dental ejective affricate) | Dental ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Alveolar ejective affricate | tsʼ | (Alveolar ejective affricate) | Alveolar ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Palato-alveolar ejective affricate | t̠ʃʼ , tʃʼ | (Palato-alveolar ejective affricate) | Palato-alveolar ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Retroflex ejective affricate | ʈʂʼ , tʂʼ | (Retroflex ejective affricate) | Retroflex ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate | t̠ɕʼ , tɕʼ , cɕʼ | (Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate) | sounds | ||
Palatal ejective affricate | cçʼ | (Palatal ejective affricate) | Palatal ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Velar ejective affricate | kxʼ | (Velar ejective affricate) | Velar ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Uvular ejective affricate | qχʼ | (Uvular ejective affricate) | Uvular ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Bilabial ejective fricative | ɸʼ | (Bilabial ejective fricative) | sounds | ||
Labiodental ejective fricative | fʼ | (Labiodental ejective fricative) | Labiodental ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Dental ejective fricative | θʼ | (Dental ejective fricative) | Dental ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Alveolar ejective fricative | sʼ | (Alveolar ejective fricative) | Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Palato-alveolar ejective fricative | ʃʼ | (Palato-alveolar ejective fricative) | Palato-alveolar ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Retroflex ejective fricative | ʂʼ | (Retroflex ejective fricative) | Retroflex ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative | ɕʼ | (Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative) | Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Palatal ejective fricative | çʼ | (Palatal ejective fricative) | Palatal ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Velar ejective fricative | xʼ | (Velar ejective fricative) | Velar ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Uvular ejective fricative | χʼ | (Uvular ejective fricative) | Uvular ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Alveolar lateral ejective affricate | tɬʼ , ƛʼ | (Alveolar lateral ejective affricate) | Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Palatal lateral ejective affricate | cʎ̝̊ʼ , cʎ̥ʼ | (Palatal lateral ejective affricate) | Palatal lateral ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Velar lateral ejective affricate | kʟ̝̊ʼ , kʟ̥ʼ | (Velar lateral ejective affricate) | Velar lateral ejective affricate.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Alveolar lateral ejective fricative | ɬʼ | (Alveolar lateral ejective fricative) | Alveolar lateral ejective fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Tenuis bilabial click | ʘ , kʘ | (Tenuis bilabial click) | Clic bilabial sourd.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Tenuis dental click | ǀ , kǀ | (Tenuis dental click) | Dental click.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Tenuis alveolar click | ǃ , kǃ | (Tenuis alveolar click) | Postalveolar click.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Tenuis palatal click | ǂ , kǂ | (Tenuis palatal click) | Palatoalveolar click.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Back-released velar click | ʞ | (Back-released velar click) | sounds | ||
Voiced bilabial click | ʘ̬ , ɡʘ | (Voiced bilabial click) | sounds | ||
Voiced dental click | ǀ̬ , ɡǀ | (Voiced dental click) | sounds | ||
Voiced alveolar click | ǃ̬ , ɡǃ | (Voiced alveolar click) | sounds | ||
Tenuis retroflex click | ‼ | (Tenuis retroflex click) | sounds | ||
Voiced palatal click | ǂ̬ , ɡǂ | (Voiced palatal click) | sounds | ||
Voiced retroflex click | ‼̬ , ɡ‼ | (Voiced retroflex click) | sounds | ||
Bilabial nasal click | ʘ̃ , ŋʘ | (Bilabial nasal click) | sounds | ||
Dental nasal click | ǀ̃ , ŋǀ | (Dental nasal click) | sounds | ||
Alveolar nasal click | ǃ̃ , ŋǃ | (Alveolar nasal click) | Intervocalic nasal alveolar clicks.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Palatal nasal click | ǂ̃ , ŋǂ | (Palatal nasal click) | sounds | ||
Retroflex nasal click | ‼̃ , ŋ‼ | (Retroflex nasal click) | sounds | ||
Tenuis alveolar lateral click | ǁ , kǁ | (Tenuis alveolar lateral click) | Alveolar lateral click.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced alveolar lateral click | ǁ̬ , ɡǁ | (Voiced alveolar lateral click) | sounds | ||
Alveolar lateral nasal click | ǁ̃ , ŋǁ | (Alveolar lateral nasal click) | sounds | ||
Glottalized bilabial nasal click | ʘ̃ˀ , ʘˀ , ŋ̊ʘˀ , ŋʘˀ | (Glottalized bilabial nasal click) | sounds | ||
Glottalized dental nasal click | ǀ̃ˀ , ǀˀ , ŋ̊ǀˀ , ŋǀˀ | (Glottalized dental nasal click) | sounds | ||
Glottalized alveolar nasal click | ǃ̃ˀ , ǃˀ , ŋ̊ǃˀ , ŋǃˀ | (Glottalized alveolar nasal click) | sounds | ||
Glottalized retroflex nasal click | ‼̃ˀ , ‼ˀ , ŋ‼ˀ , ŋ̊‼ˀ | (Glottalized retroflex nasal click) | sounds | ||
Glottalized palatal nasal click | ǂ̃ˀ , ǂˀ , ŋ̊ǂˀ , ŋǂˀ | (Glottalized palatal nasal click) | sounds | ||
Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click | ǁ̃ˀ , ǁˀ , ŋ̊ǁˀ , ŋǁˀ | (Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click) | sounds | ||
Voiceless bilabial implosive | ɓ̥ , ƥ | (Voiceless bilabial implosive) | sounds | ||
Voiced bilabial implosive | ɓ | (Voiced bilabial implosive) | Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless alveolar implosive | ɗ̥ , ƭ | (Voiceless alveolar implosive) | sounds | ||
Voiced alveolar implosive | ɗ | (Voiced alveolar implosive) | Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless retroflex implosive | ᶑ̊ , ᶑ̥ | (Voiceless retroflex implosive) | sounds | ||
Voiced retroflex implosive | ᶑ | (Voiced retroflex implosive) | sounds | ||
Voiceless palatal implosive | ʄ̊ , ʄ̥ , ƈ | (Voiceless palatal implosive) | sounds | ||
Voiced palatal implosive | ʄ | (Voiced palatal implosive) | Voiced palatal implosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless velar implosive | ɠ̊ , ƙ | (Voiceless velar implosive) | sounds | ||
Voiced velar implosive | ɠ | (Voiced velar implosive) | Voiced velar implosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless uvular implosive | ʛ̥ , ʠ | (Voiceless uvular implosive) | sounds | ||
Voiced uvular implosive | ʛ | (Voiced uvular implosive) | Voiced uvular implosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced labial–alveolar nasal | nm | Labial–coronal consonant | sounds | ||
Voiced labial–velar nasal | ŋm | (Voiced labial–velar nasal) | Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive | tp | Labial–coronal consonant | sounds | ||
Voiced labial–alveolar plosive | db | Labial–coronal consonant | sounds | ||
Voiceless labial–velar plosive | kp | (Voiceless labial–velar plosive) | Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced labial–velar plosive | ɡb | (Voiced labial–velar plosive) | Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive | qʡ | (Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive) | sounds | ||
Voiceless labial–palatal fricative | ɥ̊ | (Voiceless labial–palatal fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiced labial–palatal approximant | ɥ | (Voiced labial–palatal approximant) | LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav (play) | sounds | |
Voiceless labial–velar fricative | ʍ , w̥ , hw | (Voiceless labial–velar fricative) | Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Voiced labial–velar approximant | w | (Voiced labial–velar approximant) | Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Compressed voiced labial–velar approximant | wᵝ , ɰᵝ | Voiced labial–velar approximant | sounds | ||
Sj-sound | ɧ | (Sj-sound) | Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Velarized dental lateral approximant | ɫ̪ , l̪ˠ | (Velarized dental lateral approximant) | sounds | ||
Velarized alveolar lateral approximant | ɫ , lˠ | (Velarized alveolar lateral approximant) | Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Nasal palatal approximant | j̃ | (Nasal palatal approximant) | sounds | ||
Nasal labial–velar approximant | w̃ | (Nasal labial–velar approximant) | sounds | ||
Voiceless nasal glottal approximant | h̃ | (Voiceless nasal glottal approximant) | sounds | ||
Close front unrounded vowel | i | (Close front unrounded vowel) | Close front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close front rounded vowel | y | (Close front rounded vowel) | Close front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close front compressed vowel | y͍ , iᵝ | (Close front compressed vowel) | Close front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close front protruded vowel | y̫ , yʷ , iʷ | (Close front protruded vowel) | sounds | ||
Close central unrounded vowel | ɨ , ï | (Close central unrounded vowel) | Close central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close central rounded vowel | ʉ , ü | (Close central rounded vowel) | Close central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close central protruded vowel | ʉ̫ , ʉʷ , ɨʷ | (Close central protruded vowel) | Close central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close central compressed vowel | ÿ , ɨᵝ | (Close central compressed vowel) | sounds | ||
Close back unrounded vowel | ɯ | (Close back unrounded vowel) | Close back unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close back rounded vowel | u | (Close back rounded vowel) | Close back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close back protruded vowel | u̫ , uʷ , ɯʷ | (Close back protruded vowel) | Close back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close back compressed vowel | u͍ , ɯᵝ | (Close back compressed vowel) | Ja-U.oga (play) | sounds | |
Near-close near-front unrounded vowel | ɪ , ɪ̟ , i̞ , e̝ | (Near-close near-front unrounded vowel) | Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Near-close near-front rounded vowel | ʏ , y̞ , y˕ , ø̝ | (Near-close near-front rounded vowel) | Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Near-close near-front compressed vowel | ʏ͍ , ɪᵝ | (Near-close near-front compressed vowel) | Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Near-close near-front protruded vowel | ʏ̫ , ʏʷ , ɪʷ | (Near-close near-front protruded vowel) | sounds | ||
Near-close central unrounded vowel | ɪ̈ , ɨ̞ , ɘ̝ | (Near-close central unrounded vowel) | Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Near-close central rounded vowel | ʊ̈ , ʊ̟ , ʉ̞ , ɵ̝ | (Near-close central rounded vowel) | sounds | ||
Near-close central protruded vowel | ʊ̫̈ , ʉ̫˕ , ʊ̈ʷ , ʉ̞ʷ , ɪ̈ʷ , ɨ̞ʷ | (Near-close central protruded vowel) | sounds | ||
Near-close central compressed vowel | ʏ̈ , ɨ̞ᵝ | (Near-close central compressed vowel) | sounds | ||
Near-close near-back unrounded vowel | ɯ̞ , ɯ̽ | (Near-close near-back unrounded vowel) | Near-close near-back unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Near-close near-back rounded vowel | ʊ , u̞ , o̝ | (Near-close near-back rounded vowel) | Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Near-close near-back protruded vowel | ʊ̫ , ʊʷ , ɯ̽ʷ , ɤ̝̈ʷ , u̫˕ , u̞ʷ , ɯ̞ʷ , ɤ̝ʷ | (Near-close near-back protruded vowel) | Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Near-close near-back compressed vowel | ʊ͍ , ɯ̽ᵝ , ɯ̞̈ᵝ , ɯ̞ᵝ | (Near-close near-back compressed vowel) | sounds | ||
Close-mid front unrounded vowel | e | (Close-mid front unrounded vowel) | Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close-mid front rounded vowel | ø | (Close-mid front rounded vowel) | Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close-mid front compressed vowel | ø͍ , eᵝ | (Close-mid front compressed vowel) | Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close-mid front protruded vowel | ø̫ , øʷ , eʷ | (Close-mid front protruded vowel) | sounds | ||
Close-mid central unrounded vowel | ɘ , ë , ɤ̈ | (Close-mid central unrounded vowel) | Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close-mid central rounded vowel | ɵ , ö | (Close-mid central rounded vowel) | Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close-mid central protruded vowel | ɵ̫ , ɵʷ , ɘʷ | (Close-mid central protruded vowel) | Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close-mid central compressed vowel | ø̈ , ɘᵝ | (Close-mid central compressed vowel) | sounds | ||
Close-mid back unrounded vowel | ɤ | (Close-mid back unrounded vowel) | Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close-mid back rounded vowel | o | (Close-mid back rounded vowel) | Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close-mid back protruded vowel | o̫ , oʷ , ɤʷ | (Close-mid back protruded vowel) | Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Close-mid back compressed vowel | o͍ , ɤᵝ | (Close-mid back compressed vowel) | sounds | ||
Mid front unrounded vowel | e̞ , ɛ̝ | (Mid front unrounded vowel) | Mid front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Mid front rounded vowel | ø̞ , œ̝ | (Mid front rounded vowel) | Mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Mid front compressed vowel | ø͍˕ , œ͍˔ , e̞ᵝ , ɛ̝ᵝ | (Mid front compressed vowel) | sounds | ||
Mid front protruded vowel | ø̫˕ , œ̫˔ , ø̞ʷ , œ̝ʷ , e̞ʷ , ɛ̝ʷ | (Mid front protruded vowel) | sounds | ||
Mid central vowel | ə | (Mid central vowel) | Mid-central vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Mid central unrounded vowel | ə̜ , ɘ̞ , ɜ̝ | (Mid central unrounded vowel) | Mid-central vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Mid central rounded vowel | ə̹ , ɵ̞ , ɞ̝ | (Mid central rounded vowel) | Mid central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Mid back unrounded vowel | ɤ̞ , ʌ̝ | (Mid back unrounded vowel) | sounds | ||
Mid back rounded vowel | o̞ , ɔ̝ | (Mid back rounded vowel) | Mid back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Open-mid front unrounded vowel | ɛ | (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) | Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Open-mid front rounded vowel | œ | (Open-mid front rounded vowel) | Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Open-mid front compressed vowel | œ͍ , ɛᵝ | (Open-mid front compressed vowel) | Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Open-mid front protruded vowel | œ̫ , œʷ , ɛʷ | (Open-mid front protruded vowel) | sounds | ||
Open-mid central unrounded vowel | ɜ , ɛ̈ , ʌ̈ | (Open-mid central unrounded vowel) | Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Open-mid central rounded vowel | ɞ | (Open-mid central rounded vowel) | Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Open-mid back unrounded vowel | ʌ | (Open-mid back unrounded vowel) | PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Open-mid back rounded vowel | ɔ | (Open-mid back rounded vowel) | PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Near-open front unrounded vowel | æ | (Near-open front unrounded vowel) | Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Near-open central vowel | ɐ | (Near-open central vowel) | Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Near-open central unrounded vowel | ɐ̜ , ɜ̞ | (Near-open central unrounded vowel) | PR-near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Near-open central rounded vowel | ɐ̹ , ɞ̞ | (Near-open central rounded vowel) | sounds | ||
Open front unrounded vowel | a , æ̞ | (Open front unrounded vowel) | PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Open front rounded vowel | ɶ | (Open front rounded vowel) | Open front rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Open central unrounded vowel | ä , ɑ̈ , ɐ̞ | (Open central unrounded vowel) | Open central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Open central rounded vowel | ɒ̈ , ɶ̈ | (Open central rounded vowel) | Open central rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Open back unrounded vowel | ɑ | (Open back unrounded vowel) | Open back unrounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Open back rounded vowel | ɒ | (Open back rounded vowel) | PR-open back rounded vowel.ogg (play) | sounds | |
R-colored vowel | ɚ , ɝ , ɹ̩ , ɻ̍ | (R-colored vowel) | En-us-er.ogg (play) | sounds | |
Primary stress | ˈ | Stress (linguistics) | sounds | ||
Secondary stress | ˌ | (Secondary stress) | sounds | ||
Minor (foot) group | class="IPA" | Prosodic unit | sounds | ||
Major (intonation) group | ‖ | Prosodic unit | sounds | ||
Syllable break | . | Syllable | sounds | ||
Linking (absence of a break) | ‿ | Connected speech | sounds | ||
Downstep | ꜜ | (Downstep) | sounds | ||
Upstep | ꜛ | (Upstep) | sounds | ||
Global rise | ↗ | Intonation (linguistics) | sounds | ||
Global fall | ↘ | Intonation (linguistics) | sounds | ||
Bilabial percussive | ʬ | (Bilabial percussive) | sounds | ||
Bidental percussive | ʭ | (Bidental percussive) | sounds | ||
Velopharyngeal fricative | ʩ | (Velopharyngeal fricative) | sounds | ||
Voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative | ʪ | Lateral release (phonetics) | sounds | ||
Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative | ʫ | Lateral release (phonetics) | sounds | ||
Ingressive airflow | ↓ | Ingressive sound | sounds | ||
Egressive airflow | ↑ | Egressive sound | sounds | ||
Apical r | ɹ̺ | Pronunciation of English /r/ | sounds | ||
Bunched r | ɹ̈ | Pronunciation of English /r/ | sounds | ||
Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive | ¡ | Percussive consonant | sounds | ||
Percussive alveolar click | ǃ¡ | (Percussive alveolar click) | sounds | ||
Buccal interdental trill | ↀr̪͆ | Blowing a raspberry | sounds | ||
Morphological boundary | # | Word stem | sounds | ||
Zero | ∅ | Zero (linguistics) | sounds | ||
Voiceless | ̥ , ̊ , ḁ , å , ů , ẘ , ẙ | (Voiceless) | diacritics | ||
Voiced | ̬ | Voice (phonetics) | diacritics | ||
Aspirated | ʰ | Aspirated consonant | diacritics | ||
More rounded | ̹ , ͗ , ˒ | Roundedness | diacritics | ||
Less rounded | ̜ , ͑ , ˓ , ͍ | Roundedness | diacritics | ||
Advanced | ̟ , ˖ | Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted | diacritics | ||
Retracted | ̠ , ˗ | Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted | diacritics | ||
Centralized | ̈ | Relative articulation#Centralized vowels | diacritics | ||
Mid-centralized | ̽ | Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel | diacritics | ||
Syllabic | ̩ , ̍ | Syllabic consonant | diacritics | ||
Non-syllabic | ̯ , ̑ | Semivowel | diacritics | ||
Rhoticity | ˞ | R-colored vowel | En-us-er.ogg (play) | diacritics | |
Breathy voiced | ̤ , ṳ , ʱ | Breathy voice | diacritics | ||
Creaky voiced | ̰ , ḛ , ḭ , ṵ | Creaky voice | diacritics | ||
Linguolabial | ̼ | Linguolabial consonant | diacritics | ||
Labialized | ʷ , ̫ | Labialization | diacritics | ||
Palatalized | ʲ | Palatalization (phonetics) | diacritics | ||
Velarized | ˠ | Velarization | diacritics | ||
Pharyngealized | ˤ | Pharyngealization | diacritics | ||
Velarized or pharyngealized | ̴ , ᵯ , ᵰ , ᵱ , ᵬ , ᵮ , ᵵ , ᵭ , ᵴ , ᵶ , ᵳ , ᵲ | Pharyngealization | diacritics | ||
Raised | ̝ , ˔ | Relative articulation#Raised and lowered | diacritics | ||
Lowered | ̞ , ˕ | Relative articulation#Raised and lowered | diacritics | ||
Advanced tongue root | ̘ | (Advanced tongue root) | diacritics | ||
Retracted tongue root | ̙ | (Retracted tongue root) | diacritics | ||
Dental | ̪ , ͆ | Dental consonant | diacritics | ||
Apical | ̺ | Apical consonant | diacritics | ||
Laminal | ̻ | Laminal consonant | diacritics | ||
Nasalized | ̃ , ṽ | Nasalization | diacritics | ||
Nasal vowel | ĩ , ỹ , ɨ̃ , ʉ̃ , ɯ̃ , ũ , ɪ̃ , ʏ̃ , ʊ̃ , ẽ , ø̃ , ɘ̃ , ɵ̃ , ɤ̃ , õ , ə̃ , ɛ̃ , œ̃ , ɜ̃ , ɞ̃ , ʌ̃ , ɔ̃ , æ̃ , ɐ̃ , ã , ɶ̃ , ä̃ , ɑ̃ , ɒ̃ | (Nasal vowel) | diacritics | ||
Nasal release | ⁿ | (Nasal release) | diacritics | ||
Lateral release | ˡ | Lateral release (phonetics) | diacritics | ||
No audible release | ̚ | (No audible release) | diacritics | ||
Ejective | ʼ | Ejective consonant | diacritics | ||
Glottalized | ˀ | Glottalization | diacritics | ||
Labio-palatalized | ᶣ | Labio-palatalization | diacritics | ||
Long | ː | Length (phonetics) | diacritics | ||
Half-long | ˑ | Length (phonetics) | diacritics | ||
Extra-short | ̆ | Extra-shortness | diacritics | ||
Accent | ̋ , ű , ӳ , ő , ́ , í , ý , ú , é , ó , á , ̄ , ī , ȳ , ū , ē , ō , ǣ , ā , ̀ , ì , ỳ , ù , è , ò , à , ̏ , ȉ , ȕ , ȅ , ȍ , ȁ | Pitch-accent language | diacritics | ||
Tone | ̌ , ̂ , ᷄ , ᷅ , ᷇ , ᷆ , ᷈ , ᷉ , ˥ , ˦ , ˧ , ˨ , ˩ | Tone (linguistics) | diacritics | ||
Alveolar | ͇ | Alveolar consonant | diacritics | ||
Strong articulation | ͈ , ̎ | Fortis and lenis | diacritics | ||
Weak articulation | ͉ , ᷂ | Fortis and lenis | diacritics | ||
Denasalized | ͊ | Denasalization | diacritics | ||
Velopharyngeal friction | ͌ | Velopharyngeal consonant | diacritics | ||
Whistled articulation | ͎ | Whistled sibilant | diacritics | ||
Unaspirated | ˭ | Tenuis consonant | diacritics | ||
Pre-aspiration | ʰp , ʰt , ʰʈ , ʰc , ʰk , ʰq , ʰn | Preaspiration | diacritics | ||
Retroflex | ̣ , ̢ | Retroflex consonant | diacritics | ||
Prenasalized consonant | ᵐ , ᶬ , ⁿt , ⁿd , ⁿθ , ⁿð , ⁿs , ⁿz , ⁿʃ , ⁿʒ , ⁿɕ , ⁿʑ , ⁿr , ⁿɬ , ⁿɮ , ⁿl , ᶯ , ᶮ , ᵑ , ᶰ | (Prenasalized consonant) | diacritics | ||
Pre-stopped consonant | ᵖ , ᵇ , ᵗ , ᵈ , ᶜ , ᶡ , ᵏ , ᶢ , ᴳ | (Pre-stopped consonant) | diacritics |
local data = { sounds = {}, diacritics = {}, univPatterns = { { pat = "g", -- Latin Small Letter G rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G }, { pat = "ᵍ", -- Modifier Letter Small G rep = "ᶢ" -- Modifier Letter Small Script G }, { pat = "l̴", -- 'l' + Combining Tilde Overlay rep = "ɫ" -- Latin Small Letter L with Middle Tilde }, { pat = "ˁ", -- Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop rep = "ˤ" -- Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop }, { pat = "’", -- Right Single Quotation Mark rep = "ʼ" -- Modifier Letter Apostrophe }, { pat = "ȷ", -- Latin Small Letter Dotless J rep = "j" -- Latin Small Letter J }, { pat = "ʇ", -- Latin Small Letter Turned T rep = "ǀ" -- Latin Letter Dental Click }, { pat = "[!ʗ]", -- Exclamation Mark / Latin Letter Stretched C rep = "ǃ" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click }, { pat = "ǃǃ", -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2 rep = "‼" -- Double Exclamation Mark }, { pat = "ʖ", -- Latin Letter Inverted Glottal Stop rep = "ǁ" -- Latin Letter Lateral Click }, }, keyPatterns = { -- These do not affect the revese look for diacritics { pat = "[͜͡ːˑ◌]", -- Tie bars, length marks, dotted circle rep = "" }, { pat = "ᵏ", -- Modifier Letter Small K rep = "k" -- Latin Small Letter K }, { pat = "ᶢ", -- Modifier Letter Small Script G rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G }, { pat = "ᵑ", -- Modifier Letter Small Eng rep = "ŋ" -- Latin Small Letter Eng }, } } local rawData = { sounds = { -- PULMONIC CONSONANTS -- Nasals { name = "Voiceless bilabial nasal", symbols = { "m̥" }, }, { name = "Voiced bilabial nasal", symbols = { "m" }, audio = "Bilabial nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental nasal", symbols = { "ɱ" }, audio = "Labiodental nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial nasal", symbols = { "n̼" }, audio = "Linguolabial nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced dental nasal", symbols = { "n̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar nasal", symbols = { "n̥" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar nasal", symbols = { "n" }, audio = "Alveolar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar nasal", symbols = { "n̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex nasal", symbols = { "ɳ̊", "ɳ̥" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex nasal", symbols = { "ɳ" }, audio = "Retroflex nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal", symbols = { "n̠̊ʲ", "ɲ̊˖", "ɲ̟̊", "ȵ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal", symbols = { "n̠ʲ", "ɲ˖", "ɲ̟", "ȵ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ̊", "ɲ̥" }, }, { name = "Voiced palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ" }, audio = "Palatal nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ˗", "ɲ̠", "ŋ˖", "ŋ̟" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velar nasal", symbols = { "ŋ̊", "ŋ̥" }, }, { name = "Voiced velar nasal", symbols = { "ŋ" }, audio = "Velar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular nasal", symbols = { "ɴ̟", "ŋ˗", "ŋ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced uvular nasal", symbols = { "ɴ" }, audio = "Uvular nasal.ogg" }, -- Plosives { name = "Voiceless bilabial plosive", symbols = { "p" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced bilabial plosive", symbols = { "b" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental plosive", symbols = { "p̪", "p͆" }, }, { name = "Voiced labiodental plosive", symbols = { "b̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial plosive", symbols = { "t̼" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial plosive", symbols = { "d̼" }, audio = "Voiced linguolabial stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental plosive", symbols = { "t̪" }, audio = "Voiceless dental stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced dental plosive", symbols = { "d̪" }, audio = "Voiced dental stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar plosive", symbols = { "t" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar plosive", symbols = { "d" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar plosive", symbols = { "t̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar plosive", symbols = { "d̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex plosive", symbols = { "ʈ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex stop.oga" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex plosive", symbols = { "ɖ" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex stop.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive", symbols = { "t̠ʲ", "c̟", "ȶ" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive", symbols = { "d̠ʲ", "ɟ˖", "ɟ̟", "ȡ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal plosive", symbols = { "c" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal plosive", symbols = { "ɟ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal plosive", symbols = { "c̠", "k̟" }, }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal plosive", symbols = { "ɟ˗", "ɟ̠", "ɡ˖", "ɡ̟" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velar plosive", symbols = { "k" }, audio = "Voiceless velar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar plosive", symbols = { "ɡ" }, audio = "Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular plosive", symbols = { "q˖", "q̟", "k̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular plosive", symbols = { "ɢ̟", "ɡ˗", "ɡ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular plosive", symbols = { "q" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular plosive", symbols = { "ɢ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular stop.oga" }, { name = "Epiglottal plosive", symbols = { "ʡ" }, audio = "Epiglottal stop.ogg" }, { name = "Glottal stop", symbols = { "ʔ" }, audio = "Glottal stop.ogg" }, -- Affricates { name = "Voiceless bilabial affricate", symbols = { "pɸ" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced bilabial affricate", symbols = { "bβ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental affricate", symbols = { "p̪f", "p͆f", "pf" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental affricate", symbols = { "b̪v", "bv" }, audio = "Voiced labiodental affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental affricate", symbols = { "t̪s̪", "ts̪", "t̟s̟", "ts̟" }, audio = "Voiceless dental sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiced dental affricate", symbols = { "d̪z̪", "dz̪", "d̟z̟", "dz̟" }, audio = "Voiced dental sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "t̪θ", "t̟θ", "tθ" }, audio = "Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "d̪ð", "d̟ð", "dð" }, audio = "Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar affricate", symbols = { "ts", "ʦ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar affricate", symbols = { "dz", "ʣ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate", symbols = { "t̺s̺", "ts̺", "t̠s̠", "ts̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced apico-alveolar affricate", symbols = { "d̺z̺", "dz̺", "d̠z̠", "dz̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "tɹ̝̊", "tɹ̥", "tθ̠", "tθ͇" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "dɹ̝", "dɹ", "dð̠", "dð͇" }, }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar affricate", symbols = { "t̠ʃ", "tʃ", "ʧ" }, audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar affricate", symbols = { "d̠ʒ", "dʒ", "ʤ" }, audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "t̠ɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̠̊", "tɹ̠̊" }, audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "d̠ɹ̠˔", "dɹ̠˔", "dɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̠", "dɹ̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex affricate", symbols = { "ʈʂ", "tʂ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex affricate", symbols = { "ɖʐ", "dʐ" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate", symbols = { "tɕ", "cɕ", "ʨ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate", symbols = { "dʑ", "ɟʑ", "ʥ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal affricate", symbols = { "cç" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal affricate", symbols = { "ɟʝ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal affricate", symbols = { "c̠ç˗", "cç˗", "c̠ç̠", "cç̠", "k̟x̟", "kx̟" }, }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal affricate", symbols = { "ɟ˗ʝ˗", "ɟʝ˗", "ɟ̠ʝ̠", "ɟʝ̠", "ɡ˖ɣ˖", "ɡɣ˖", "ɡ̟ɣ̟", "ɡɣ̟" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velar affricate", symbols = { "kx" }, audio = "Voiceless velar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar affricate", symbols = { "ɡɣ" }, audio = "Voiced velar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular affricate", symbols = { "q˖χ˖", "qχ˖", "q̟χ̟", "qχ̟", "k̠x̠", "kx̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular affricate", symbols = { "qχ" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular affricate", symbols = { "ɢʁ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pharyngeal affricate", symbols = { "ʡħ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate", symbols = { "ʡʜ" }, audio = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced epiglottal affricate", symbols = { "ʡʢ" }, audio = "Voiced epiglottal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless glottal affricate", symbols = { "ʔh" }, audio = "Voiceless glottal affricate.ogg" }, -- Fricatives { name = "Voiceless bilabial fricative", symbols = { "ɸ", "β̞̊", "β̥˕" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced bilabial fricative", symbols = { "β" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental fricative", symbols = { "f", "ʋ̥", "f̞" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental fricative", symbols = { "v" }, audio = "Voiced labiodental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial fricative", symbols = { "θ̼" }, }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial fricative", symbols = { "ð̼" }, }, { name = "Voiceless dental fricative", symbols = { "θ", "θ̞" }, audio = "Voiceless dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced dental fricative", symbols = { "ð" }, audio = "Voiced dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental sibilant fricative", symbols = { "s̪" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental sibilant fricative", symbols = { "z̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s̻̪", "s̪̻", "s̻͆", "s̟" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar fricative", symbols = { "z" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s̺" }, }, { name = "Voiced apico-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "z̺" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar retracted fricative", symbols = { "s̠" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar retracted fricative", symbols = { "z̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "θ̠", "θ͇", "ɹ̝̊", "ɹ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ð̠", "ð͇", "ɹ̝" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative", symbols = { "ɾ̞̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar tapped fricative", symbols = { "ɾ̞" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar tapped fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar fricative", symbols = { "ʃ" }, audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar fricative", symbols = { "ʒ" }, audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɹ̠̊˔", "ɹ̝̊˗" }, audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɹ̠˔", "ɹ̝˗" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex fricative", symbols = { "ʂ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex fricative", symbols = { "ʐ" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɻ̝", "ɻ˔", "ɻ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative", symbols = { "ɕ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative", symbols = { "ʑ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal fricative", symbols = { "ç" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal fricative", symbols = { "ʝ", "j̊" }, audio = "Voiced palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal fricative", symbols = { "ç˗", "ç̠", "x̟" }, }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal fricative", symbols = { "ʝ˗", "ʝ̠", "ɣ˖", "ɣ̟" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velar fricative", symbols = { "x", "ɰ̊", "x̞", "ɣ̊˕", "ɣ̞̊" }, audio = "Voiceless velar fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar fricative", symbols = { "ɣ" }, audio = "Voiced velar fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative", symbols = { "χ˖", "χ̟", "x̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative", symbols = { "ʁ̟", "ɣ˗", "ɣ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular fricative", symbols = { "χ" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular fricative", symbols = { "ʁ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative", symbols = { "ħ" }, audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative", symbols = { "ʕ" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless glottal fricative", symbols = { "h" }, audio = "Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced glottal fricative", symbols = { "ɦ" }, audio = "Voiced glottal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless bidental fricative", symbols = { "h̪͆" }, }, -- Approximants { name = "Voiced bilabial approximant", symbols = { "β̞" }, audio = "Bilabial approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental approximant", symbols = { "ʋ" }, audio = "Labiodental approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced dental approximant", symbols = { "ð̞" }, audio = "Voiced dental approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ" }, audio = "Alveolar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ̠" }, audio = "Postalveolar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex approximant", symbols = { "ɻ" }, audio = "Retroflex approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal approximant", symbols = { "j", "ʝ˕", "ʝ̞" }, audio = "Palatal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal approximant", symbols = { "j˗", "j̠", "ɰ̟", "ɰ˖", "ʝ˕˗", "ʝ˗˕", "ʝ̞˗", "ɣ˕˖", "ɣ˖˕", "ɣ̞˖" }, audio = "Post-palatal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar approximant", symbols = { "ɰ", "ɣ˕", "ɣ̞" }, audio = "Voiced velar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular approximant", symbols = { "ʁ̞" }, audio = "Voiced Uvular Approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal approximant", symbols = { "ʕ̞" }, }, { name = "Voiced epiglottal approximant", symbols = { "ʢ̞" }, }, { name = "Creaky-voiced glottal approximant", symbols = { "ʔ̞", "ʔ̰" }, }, -- Taps/flaps { name = "Voiced bilabial flap", symbols = { "ⱱ̟", "b̆" }, }, { name = "Voiced labiodental flap", symbols = { "ⱱ" }, audio = "Labiodental flap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial tap", symbols = { "ɾ̼" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̪" }, article = "Dental tap", }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̥" }, article = "Voiceless alveolar tap", }, { name = "Voiced alveolar tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ" }, article = "Alveolar tap", audio = "Alveolar tap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar flap", symbols = { "ɾ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar nasal tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̃", "n̆" }, article = "Alveolar nasal tap", }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex flap", symbols = { "ɽ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex flap", symbols = { "ɽ" }, audio = "Retroflex flap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular tap or flap", symbols = { "ɢ̆", "ʀ̆" }, article = "Uvular tap and flap", }, { name = "Voiced epiglottal tap", symbols = { "ʡ̆", "ʢ̆" }, audio = "Epiglottal flap.oga" }, -- Trills { name = "Voiceless bilabial trill", symbols = { "ʙ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial trill with aspiration.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced bilabial trill", symbols = { "ʙ" }, audio = "Bilabial trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial trill", symbols = { "r̼" }, audio = "Linguolabial trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced dental trill", symbols = { "r̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar trill", symbols = { "r̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar trill", symbols = { "r" }, audio = "Alveolar trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar fricative trill", symbols = { "r̝̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar fricative trill", symbols = { "r̝" }, audio = "Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar trill", symbols = { "r̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex trill", symbols = { "ɽ̊r̥", "ɽr̥" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex trill", symbols = { "ɽr" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝̊˖", "ʀ̟̊˔" }, }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝˖", "ʀ̟˔" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular trill", symbols = { "ʀ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular trill", symbols = { "ʀ" }, audio = "Uvular trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝" }, }, { name = "Voiceless epiglottal trill", symbols = { "ʜ" }, audio = "Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced epiglottal trill", symbols = { "ʢ" }, audio = "Voiced epiglottal trill 2.ogg" }, -- Lateral affricates { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate", symbols = { "tɬ", "ƛ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate", symbols = { "dɮ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate", symbols = { "ʈɭ̊˔","ʈɭ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex lateral affricate", symbols = { "ɖɭ˔","ɖɭ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate", symbols = { "cʎ̝̊", "cʎ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal lateral affricate", symbols = { "ɟʎ̝", "ɟʎ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate", symbols = { "kʟ̝̊", "kʟ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral affricate", symbols = { "ɡʟ̝", "ɡʟ" }, audio = "Voiced velar lateral affricate.ogg" }, -- Lateral fricatives { name = "Voiceless dental lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɬ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɮ̪", "ɮ͆" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɬ", "l̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɮ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɭ̊˔", "ꞎ", "ɭ̊" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɭ˔" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɬ̠ʲ", "ʎ̝̊˖", "ȴ̊˔", "l̠̊ʲ", "ʎ̟̊", "ȴ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʎ̝̊", "ʎ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʎ̝" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʟ̝̊", "ʟ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʟ̝" }, audio = "Voiced velar lateral fricative.ogg" }, -- Lateral approximants { name = "Voiced dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̪" }, audio = "Voiced dental lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral approximant", symbols = { "l" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɭ" }, audio = "Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̠ʲ", "ʎ̟", "ȴ" }, }, { name = "Voiced palatal lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʎ" }, audio = "Palatal lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʟ" }, audio = "Velar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʟ̠" }, audio = "Uvular lateral approximant.ogg" }, -- Lateral taps/flaps { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ̥" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral flap", symbols = { "ɭ̥̆" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex lateral flap", symbols = { "ɭ̆" }, }, { name = "Voiced palatal lateral flap", symbols = { "ʎ̆" }, }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral tap", symbols = { "ʟ̆" }, }, -- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS -- Ejective stops { name = "Bilabial ejective stop", symbols = { "pʼ" }, audio = "Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Dental ejective stop", symbols = { "t̪ʼ" }, }, { name = "Alveolar ejective stop", symbols = { "tʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Retroflex ejective stop", symbols = { "ʈʼ" }, audio = "Retroflex ejective.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal ejective stop", symbols = { "cʼ" }, audio = "Palatal ejective.ogg" }, { name = "Velar ejective stop", symbols = { "kʼ" }, audio = "Velar ejective plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular ejective stop", symbols = { "qʼ" }, audio = "Uvular ejective plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Epiglottal ejective", symbols = { "ʡʼ" }, audio = "Epiglottal ejective.ogg" }, -- Ejective affricates { name = "Dental ejective affricate", symbols = { "t̪θʼ", "t̟θʼ", "tθʼ" }, audio = "Dental ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolar ejective affricate", symbols = { "tsʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Palato-alveolar ejective affricate", symbols = { "t̠ʃʼ", "tʃʼ" }, audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Retroflex ejective affricate", symbols = { "ʈʂʼ", "tʂʼ" }, audio = "Retroflex ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate", symbols = { "t̠ɕʼ", "tɕʼ", "cɕʼ" }, }, { name = "Palatal ejective affricate", symbols = { "cçʼ" }, audio = "Palatal ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Velar ejective affricate", symbols = { "kxʼ" }, audio = "Velar ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular ejective affricate", symbols = { "qχʼ" }, audio = "Uvular ejective affricate.ogg" }, -- Ejective fricatives { name = "Bilabial ejective fricative", symbols = { "ɸʼ" }, }, { name = "Labiodental ejective fricative", symbols = { "fʼ" }, audio = "Labiodental ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Dental ejective fricative", symbols = { "θʼ" }, audio = "Dental ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolar ejective fricative", symbols = { "sʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative", symbols = { "ʃʼ" }, audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Retroflex ejective fricative", symbols = { "ʂʼ" }, audio = "Retroflex ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative", symbols = { "ɕʼ" }, audio = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal ejective fricative", symbols = { "çʼ" }, audio = "Palatal ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Velar ejective fricative", symbols = { "xʼ" }, audio = "Velar ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular ejective fricative", symbols = { "χʼ" }, audio = "Uvular ejective fricative.ogg" }, -- Lateral ejective affricates { name = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "tɬʼ", "ƛʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "cʎ̝̊ʼ", "cʎ̥ʼ" }, audio = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Velar lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "kʟ̝̊ʼ", "kʟ̥ʼ" }, audio = "Velar lateral ejective affricate.ogg" }, -- Lateral ejective fricatives { name = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative", symbols = { "ɬʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative.ogg" }, -- Tenuis clicks { name = "Tenuis bilabial click", symbols = { "ʘ", "kʘ" }, audio = "Clic bilabial sourd.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis dental click", symbols = { "ǀ", "kǀ" }, audio = "Dental click.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis alveolar click", symbols = { "ǃ", "kǃ" }, audio = "Postalveolar click.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis palatal click", symbols = { "ǂ", "kǂ" }, audio = "Palatoalveolar click.ogg" }, { name = "Back-released velar click", symbols = { "ʞ" }, }, -- Voiced clicks { name = "Voiced bilabial click", symbols = { "ʘ̬", "ɡʘ" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental click", symbols = { "ǀ̬", "ɡǀ" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar click", symbols = { "ǃ̬", "ɡǃ" }, }, { name = "Tenuis retroflex click", symbols = { "‼" }, }, { name = "Voiced palatal click", symbols = { "ǂ̬", "ɡǂ" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex click", symbols = { "‼̬", "ɡ‼" }, }, -- Nasal clicks { name = "Bilabial nasal click", symbols = { "ʘ̃", "ŋʘ" }, }, { name = "Dental nasal click", symbols = { "ǀ̃", "ŋǀ" }, }, { name = "Alveolar nasal click", symbols = { "ǃ̃", "ŋǃ" }, audio = "Intervocalic nasal alveolar clicks.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal nasal click", symbols = { "ǂ̃", "ŋǂ" }, }, { name = "Retroflex nasal click", symbols = { "‼̃", "ŋ‼" }, }, -- Lateral clicks { name = "Tenuis alveolar lateral click", symbols = { "ǁ", "kǁ" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral click.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral click", symbols = { "ǁ̬", "ɡǁ" }, }, -- Lateral nasal clicks { name = "Alveolar lateral nasal click", symbols = { "ǁ̃", "ŋǁ" }, }, -- Glottalized clicks { name = "Glottalized bilabial nasal click", symbols = { "ʘ̃ˀ", "ʘˀ", "ŋ̊ʘˀ", "ŋʘˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized dental nasal click", symbols = { "ǀ̃ˀ", "ǀˀ", "ŋ̊ǀˀ", "ŋǀˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized alveolar nasal click", symbols = { "ǃ̃ˀ", "ǃˀ", "ŋ̊ǃˀ", "ŋǃˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized retroflex nasal click", symbols = { "‼̃ˀ", "‼ˀ", "ŋ‼ˀ", "ŋ̊‼ˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized palatal nasal click", symbols = { "ǂ̃ˀ", "ǂˀ", "ŋ̊ǂˀ", "ŋǂˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click", symbols = { "ǁ̃ˀ", "ǁˀ", "ŋ̊ǁˀ", "ŋǁˀ" }, }, -- Implosives { name = "Voiceless bilabial implosive", symbols = { "ɓ̥", "ƥ" }, }, { name = "Voiced bilabial implosive", symbols = { "ɓ" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar implosive", symbols = { "ɗ̥", "ƭ" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar implosive", symbols = { "ɗ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex implosive", symbols = { "ᶑ̊", "ᶑ̥" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex implosive", symbols = { "ᶑ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal implosive", symbols = { "ʄ̊", "ʄ̥", "ƈ" }, }, { name = "Voiced palatal implosive", symbols = { "ʄ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠ̊", "ƙ" }, }, { name = "Voiced velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠ" }, audio = "Voiced velar implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular implosive", symbols = { "ʛ̥", "ʠ" }, }, { name = "Voiced uvular implosive", symbols = { "ʛ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular implosive.ogg" }, -- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS -- Co-articulated nasals { name = "Voiced labial–alveolar nasal", symbols = { "nm" }, article = "Labial–coronal consonant", }, { name = "Voiced labial–velar nasal", symbols = { "ŋm" }, audio = "Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg" }, -- Co-articulated plosives { name = "Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive", symbols = { "tp" }, article = "Labial–coronal consonant", }, { name = "Voiced labial–alveolar plosive", symbols = { "db" }, article = "Labial–coronal consonant", }, { name = "Voiceless labial–velar plosive", symbols = { "kp" }, audio = "Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labial–velar plosive", symbols = { "ɡb" }, audio = "Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive", symbols = { "qʡ" }, }, -- Co-articulated continuants { name = "Voiceless labial–palatal fricative", symbols = { "ɥ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced labial–palatal approximant", symbols = { "ɥ" }, audio = "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless labial–velar fricative", symbols = { "ʍ", "w̥", "hw" }, audio = "Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labial–velar approximant", symbols = { "w" }, audio = "Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Compressed voiced labial–velar approximant", symbols = { "wᵝ", "ɰᵝ" }, article = "Voiced labial–velar approximant", }, { name = "Sj-sound", symbols = { "ɧ" }, audio = "Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative.ogg" }, -- Co-articulated lateral approximants { name = "Velarized dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɫ̪", "l̪ˠ" }, }, { name = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɫ", "lˠ" }, audio = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, -- Nasal approximants { name = "Nasal palatal approximant", symbols = { "j̃" }, }, { name = "Nasal labial–velar approximant", symbols = { "w̃" }, }, { name = "Voiceless nasal glottal approximant", symbols = { "h̃" }, }, -- VOWELS -- Close vowels { name = "Close front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "i" }, audio = "Close front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close front rounded vowel", symbols = { "y" }, audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close front compressed vowel", symbols = { "y͍", "iᵝ" }, audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close front protruded vowel", symbols = { "y̫", "yʷ", "iʷ" }, }, { name = "Close central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɨ", "ï" }, audio = "Close central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʉ", "ü" }, audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close central protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʉ̫", "ʉʷ", "ɨʷ" }, audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close central compressed vowel", symbols = { "ÿ", "ɨᵝ" }, }, { name = "Close back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɯ" }, audio = "Close back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close back rounded vowel", symbols = { "u" }, audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close back protruded vowel", symbols = { "u̫", "uʷ", "ɯʷ" }, audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close back compressed vowel", symbols = { "u͍", "ɯᵝ" }, audio = "Ja-U.oga" }, -- Near-close vowels { name = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ", "ɪ̟", "i̞", "e̝" }, audio = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ", "y̞", "y˕", "ø̝" }, audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-front compressed vowel", symbols = { "ʏ͍", "ɪᵝ" }, audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-front protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̫", "ʏʷ", "ɪʷ" }, }, { name = "Near-close central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ̈", "ɨ̞", "ɘ̝" }, audio = "Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̈", "ʊ̟", "ʉ̞", "ɵ̝" }, }, { name = "Near-close central protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̫̈", "ʉ̫˕", "ʊ̈ʷ", "ʉ̞ʷ", "ɪ̈ʷ", "ɨ̞ʷ" }, }, { name = "Near-close central compressed vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̈", "ɨ̞ᵝ" }, }, { name = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɯ̞", "ɯ̽" }, audio = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ", "u̞", "o̝" }, audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-back protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̫", "ʊʷ", "ɯ̽ʷ", "ɤ̝̈ʷ", "u̫˕", "u̞ʷ", "ɯ̞ʷ", "ɤ̝ʷ" }, audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-back compressed vowel", symbols = { "ʊ͍", "ɯ̽ᵝ", "ɯ̞̈ᵝ", "ɯ̞ᵝ" }, }, -- Close-mid vowels { name = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "e" }, audio = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ø" }, audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid front compressed vowel", symbols = { "ø͍", "eᵝ" }, audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid front protruded vowel", symbols = { "ø̫", "øʷ", "eʷ" }, }, { name = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɘ", "ë", "ɤ̈" }, audio = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɵ", "ö" }, audio = "Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid central protruded vowel", symbols = { "ɵ̫", "ɵʷ", "ɘʷ" }, audio = "Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid central compressed vowel", symbols = { "ø̈", "ɘᵝ" }, }, { name = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɤ" }, audio = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid back rounded vowel", symbols = { "o" }, audio = "Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid back protruded vowel", symbols = { "o̫", "oʷ", "ɤʷ" }, audio = "Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid back compressed vowel", symbols = { "o͍", "ɤᵝ" }, }, -- Mid vowels { name = "Mid front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "e̞", "ɛ̝" }, audio = "Mid front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ø̞", "œ̝" }, audio = "Mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid front compressed vowel", symbols = { "ø͍˕", "œ͍˔", "e̞ᵝ", "ɛ̝ᵝ" }, }, { name = "Mid front protruded vowel", symbols = { "ø̫˕", "œ̫˔", "ø̞ʷ", "œ̝ʷ", "e̞ʷ", "ɛ̝ʷ" }, }, { name = "Mid central vowel", symbols = { "ə" }, audio = "Mid-central vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ə̜", "ɘ̞", "ɜ̝" }, audio = "Mid-central vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ə̹", "ɵ̞", "ɞ̝" }, audio = "Mid central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɤ̞", "ʌ̝" }, }, { name = "Mid back rounded vowel", symbols = { "o̞", "ɔ̝" }, audio = "Mid back rounded vowel.ogg" }, -- Open-mid vowels { name = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɛ" }, audio = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid front rounded vowel", symbols = { "œ" }, audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid front compressed vowel", symbols = { "œ͍", "ɛᵝ" }, audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid front protruded vowel", symbols = { "œ̫", "œʷ", "ɛʷ" }, }, { name = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɜ", "ɛ̈", "ʌ̈" }, audio = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɞ" }, audio = "Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ʌ" }, audio = "PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɔ" }, audio = "PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg" }, -- Near-open vowels { name = "Near-open front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "æ" }, audio = "Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-open central vowel", symbols = { "ɐ" }, audio = "Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-open central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɐ̜", "ɜ̞" }, audio = "PR-near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-open central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɐ̹", "ɞ̞" }, }, -- Open vowels { name = "Open front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "a", "æ̞" }, audio = "PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɶ" }, audio = "Open front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ä", "ɑ̈", "ɐ̞" }, audio = "Open central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɒ̈", "ɶ̈" }, audio = "Open central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɑ" }, audio = "Open back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɒ" }, audio = "PR-open back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "R-colored vowel", symbols = { "ɚ", "ɝ", "ɹ̩", "ɻ̍" }, audio = "En-us-er.ogg" }, -- SUPRASEGMENTALS { name = "Primary stress", symbols = { "ˈ" }, article = "Stress (linguistics)", }, { name = "Secondary stress", symbols = { "ˌ" }, }, { name = "Minor (foot) group", symbols = { "|" }, article = "Prosodic unit", }, { name = "Major (intonation) group", symbols = { "‖" }, article = "Prosodic unit", }, { name = "Syllable break", symbols = { "." }, article = "Syllable", }, { name = "Linking (absence of a break)", symbols = { "‿" }, article = "Connected speech", }, -- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS { name = "Downstep", symbols = { "ꜜ" }, }, { name = "Upstep", symbols = { "ꜛ" }, }, { name = "Global rise", symbols = { "↗" }, article = "Intonation (linguistics)", }, { name = "Global fall", symbols = { "↘" }, article = "Intonation (linguistics)", }, -- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA) { name = "Bilabial percussive", symbols = { "ʬ" }, }, { name = "Bidental percussive", symbols = { "ʭ" }, }, { name = "Velopharyngeal fricative", symbols = { "ʩ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative", symbols = { "ʪ" }, article = "Lateral release (phonetics)", }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative", symbols = { "ʫ" }, article = "Lateral release (phonetics)", }, { name = "Ingressive airflow", symbols = { "↓" }, article = "Ingressive sound", }, { name = "Egressive airflow", symbols = { "↑" }, article = "Egressive sound", }, { name = "Apical r", symbols = { "ɹ̺" }, article = "Pronunciation of English /r/", }, { name = "Bunched r", symbols = { "ɹ̈" }, article = "Pronunciation of English /r/", }, { name = "Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive", symbols = { "¡" }, article = "Percussive consonant", }, { name = "Percussive alveolar click", symbols = { "ǃ¡" }, }, { name = "Buccal interdental trill", symbols = { "ↀr̪͆" }, article = "Blowing a raspberry", }, -- NON-IPA { name = "Morphological boundary", symbols = { "#" }, article = "Word stem", }, { name = "Zero", symbols = { "∅" }, article = "Zero (linguistics)", }, }, diacritics = { -- DIACRITICS { name = "Voiceless", symbols = { "̥", "̊", "ḁ", "å", "ů", "ẘ", "ẙ" }, }, { name = "Voiced", symbols = { "̬" }, article = "Voice (phonetics)", }, { name = "Aspirated", symbols = { "ʰ" }, article = "Aspirated consonant", }, { name = "More rounded", symbols = { "̹", "͗", "˒" }, article = "Roundedness", }, { name = "Less rounded", symbols = { "̜", "͑", "˓", "͍" }, article = "Roundedness", }, { name = "Advanced", symbols = { "̟", "˖" }, article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted", }, { name = "Retracted", symbols = { "̠", "˗" }, article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted", }, { name = "Centralized", symbols = { "̈" }, article = "Relative articulation#Centralized vowels", }, { name = "Mid-centralized", symbols = { "̽" }, article = "Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel", }, { name = "Syllabic", symbols = { "̩", "̍" }, article = "Syllabic consonant", }, { name = "Non-syllabic", symbols = { "̯", "̑" }, article = "Semivowel", }, { name = "Rhoticity", symbols = { "˞" }, article = "R-colored vowel", audio = "En-us-er.ogg" }, { name = "Breathy voiced", symbols = { "̤", "ṳ", "ʱ" }, article = "Breathy voice", }, { name = "Creaky voiced", symbols = { "̰", "ḛ", "ḭ", "ṵ" }, article = "Creaky voice", }, { name = "Linguolabial", symbols = { "̼" }, article = "Linguolabial consonant", }, { name = "Labialized", symbols = { "ʷ", "̫" }, article = "Labialization", }, { name = "Palatalized", symbols = { "ʲ" }, article = "Palatalization (phonetics)", }, { name = "Velarized", symbols = { "ˠ" }, article = "Velarization", }, { name = "Pharyngealized", symbols = { "ˤ" }, article = "Pharyngealization", }, { name = "Velarized or pharyngealized", symbols = { "̴", "ᵯ", "ᵰ", "ᵱ", "ᵬ", "ᵮ", "ᵵ", "ᵭ", "ᵴ", "ᵶ", "ᵳ", "ᵲ" }, article = "Pharyngealization", }, { name = "Raised", symbols = { "̝", "˔" }, article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered", }, { name = "Lowered", symbols = { "̞", "˕" }, article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered", }, { name = "Advanced tongue root", symbols = { "̘" }, }, { name = "Retracted tongue root", symbols = { "̙" }, }, { name = "Dental", symbols = { "̪", "͆" }, article = "Dental consonant", }, { name = "Apical", symbols = { "̺" }, article = "Apical consonant", }, { name = "Laminal", symbols = { "̻" }, article = "Laminal consonant", }, { name = "Nasalized", symbols = { "̃", "ṽ" }, article = "Nasalization", }, { name = "Nasal vowel", symbols = { "ĩ", "ỹ", "ɨ̃", "ʉ̃", "ɯ̃", "ũ", "ɪ̃", "ʏ̃", "ʊ̃", "ẽ", "ø̃", "ɘ̃", "ɵ̃", "ɤ̃", "õ", "ə̃", "ɛ̃", "œ̃", "ɜ̃", "ɞ̃", "ʌ̃", "ɔ̃", "æ̃", "ɐ̃", "ã", "ɶ̃", "ä̃", "ɑ̃", "ɒ̃" }, }, { name = "Nasal release", symbols = { "ⁿ" }, }, { name = "Lateral release", symbols = { "ˡ" }, article = "Lateral release (phonetics)", }, { name = "No audible release", symbols = { "̚" }, }, { name = "Ejective", symbols = { "ʼ" }, article = "Ejective consonant", }, { name = "Glottalized", symbols = { "ˀ" }, article = "Glottalization", }, { name = "Labio-palatalized", symbols = { "ᶣ" }, article = "Labio-palatalization", }, -- SUPRASEGMENTALS { name = "Long", symbols = { "ː" }, article = "Length (phonetics)", }, { name = "Half-long", symbols = { "ˑ" }, article = "Length (phonetics)", }, { name = "Extra-short", symbols = { "̆" }, article = "Extra-shortness", }, -- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS { name = "Accent", symbols = { "̋", "ű", "ӳ", "ő", "́", "í", "ý", "ú", "é", "ó", "á", "̄", "ī", "ȳ", "ū", "ē", "ō", "ǣ", "ā", "̀", "ì", "ỳ", "ù", "è", "ò", "à", "̏", "ȉ", "ȕ", "ȅ", "ȍ", "ȁ" }, article = "Pitch-accent language", }, { name = "Tone", symbols = { "̌", "̂", "᷄", "᷅", "᷇", "᷆", "᷈", "᷉", "˥", "˦", "˧", "˨", "˩" }, article = "Tone (linguistics)", }, -- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA) { name = "Alveolar", symbols = { "͇" }, article = "Alveolar consonant", }, { name = "Strong articulation", symbols = { "͈", "̎" }, article = "Fortis and lenis", }, { name = "Weak articulation", symbols = { "͉", "᷂" }, article = "Fortis and lenis", }, { name = "Denasalized", symbols = { "͊" }, article = "Denasalization", }, { name = "Velopharyngeal friction", symbols = { "͌" }, article = "Velopharyngeal consonant", }, { name = "Whistled articulation", symbols = { "͎" }, article = "Whistled sibilant", }, { name = "Unaspirated", symbols = { "˭" }, article = "Tenuis consonant", }, { name = "Pre-aspiration", symbols = { "ʰp", "ʰt", "ʰʈ", "ʰc", "ʰk", "ʰq", "ʰn" }, article = "Preaspiration", }, -- NON-IPA { name = "Retroflex", symbols = { "̣", "̢" }, article = "Retroflex consonant", }, { name = "Prenasalized consonant", symbols = { "ᵐ", "ᶬ", "ⁿt", "ⁿd", "ⁿθ", "ⁿð", "ⁿs", "ⁿz", "ⁿʃ", "ⁿʒ", "ⁿɕ", "ⁿʑ", "ⁿr", "ⁿɬ", "ⁿɮ", "ⁿl", "ᶯ", "ᶮ", "ᵑ", "ᶰ" }, }, { name = "Pre-stopped consonant", symbols = { "ᵖ", "ᵇ", "ᵗ", "ᵈ", "ᶜ", "ᶡ", "ᵏ", "ᶢ", "ᴳ" }, }, } } for k, group in pairs(rawData) do for _, v in ipairs(group) do local t = { name = v.name, symbol = v.symbols[1], article = v.article or v.name, audio = v.audio or "" } for _, s in ipairs(v.symbols) do data[k][s] = t end end end return { data = data, rawData = rawData }