Birds

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Taking your Pet Bird to the Vet

Whenever your animal is sick, no matter what kind of animal you have, and you have to go to the vet, there are going to be lots of things that you are going to want to keep in mind. Of course, you are going to be taking your pet to the vet even when they aren’t sick, because in order to have a healthy pet you need to be getting it a check up, just like you would a person. So, no matter what your reason is for taking your pet bird to vet, there are some things that you should keep in mind to make sure that it goes the way you’d like it to go.

First of all, you should know your vet, and you should know what their policies are for taking your animals in. What kind of time frame do you need to make an appointment, and how long do appointments usually last? These are things that you can ask your vet before you bring any of your animals in, and these are things that you should be aware of so that you can plan your day accordingly.

Something else that you should be aware of when you are taking your pet bird to the vet is that not a lot of vets know a lot about pet birds. In fact, unless you have spoken to your vet before about your bird, you shouldn’t be surprised if your vet only has a brief knowledge about your pet bird. Therefore, you should bring in some information about your bird when you first go to the vet, especially if you have a rare type of pet bird, or one that you don’t’ think people around your area would know much about. If your vet says that he doesn’t know much about birds, it is perfectly ok to ask for recommendations of vets that know more about birds and that can give you more information.

Unless your vet mentions that he doesn’t know much about your bird, chances are that he knows more than you do. So he is probably going to handle your bird and do things to it that you might not feel comfortable doing. You have to trust your vet with your bird, just like you trust your vet with your other animals. Your vet is trained in animal medicine, so he should know all about what to do. Also, if your vet gives you advice when it comes to taking care of your pet bird, you need to be sure to follow it!

Trimming your Pet Bird’s Wings

There are a lot of things that you need to know about your pet before you become a pet owner. This is true no matter what kind of animal you have, and no matter what kind of situation you find yourself in what it comes to that animal. No matter if you have a dog, cat, or a bird, you have to do research before you make that animal a part of your life, and you have to be sure that you can do all of the proper things for that animal before you find yourself in a situation where you have to take care of an animal. If you can’t take care of an animal properly you shouldn’t have it, because it is not fair to that animal.

One of the hardest things about owning a pet bird is learning how to deal with its wings. There is no magic formula for what kind of birds need certain things done for their wings, and what you should be doing. Most of the time, you should buy the pet bird in the condition that you want it to stay in, because chances are that it was done correctly wherever you got the bird from, and it might not be done correctly if you try to do it yourself.

Trimming a bird’s wings is one of these situations. There are so many things that you have to know about it before you can consider doing it. First of all, you have to take into account what kind of bird you have, and if trimming their wings is even something that is good for that bird. Then, you have to see if the situation you have the bird in even makes it possible to trim their wings. Lastly, depending on what type of bird you have and what situation you are putting that bird into, there are certain ways that you have to go about trimming the wings and there are certain ways that might hurt the bird if you do them.

Trimming a bird’s wings is something that should always be done by a professional. You should not assume that you can figure out how to do it on your own, because if you don’t do it correctly, you can damage that bird forever, and might even cause it to die. If you are considering trimming your bird’s wings, be sure that you have talked to the place where you purchased the bird, as well as to a vet, and that they both agree it is a good idea. Then, be sure that you find someone who knows how to trim your particular bird’s wings.

Aspergillosis and Your Bird

We all love to have animals, but sometimes we need to be careful that we aren’t causing ourselves more pain and suffering by having them. No matter what pet you have, there are risks that are associated with having that pet, and you are going to want to be sure that you know what they are and that you do everything you can to make sure that they don’t’ happen.

First of all, when you have a pet bird or other animals such as birds in your yard or farm, you might run the risk of developing Aspergillosis. This comes from a fungus that can be found in compost piles or other areas where bird waste has collected. With your pet birds, there is little chance of getting Aspergillosis as long as you keep the cage clean, but if you have larger birds or if you have many birds on your property, there is a chance that you could see an outbreak of Aspergillosis if you aren’t careful.

There are several signs of Aspergillosis that you should watch out for. Since it is a general lung infection that comes from fungus, the clearest signs are going to be wheezing and coughing, as well as coughing up phlegm and an inability to breathe. You also might find yourself disoriented, and confused, or with a high fever.

The best way to avoid getting Aspergillosis or any other diseases is always to make sure that you are running clean and safe establishments. This is both for the humans as well as for the birds. You want to be sure that your animals are living in quarters that can be easily cleaned, and that are cleaned often, and you have to be sure that you dispose of the waste in a way that is not dangerous. It does no good to clean out the bird waste if it is still going to be left somewhere that humans might come in contact with it and become sick.

If you think that you or your family members have developed Aspergillosis you are going to want to be sure that you see a doctor right away. There are various stages to the illness, and the sooner you catch it the better you are going to be. You should always be sure that you are notifying your doctor about what is on your property and what you might have come into contact with as well.

The Basics of Bird Anatomy

When it comes to bird anatomy, most pet bird owners have no clue about how the organs work and how the skeletal system is formed. You might not thing this topic is interesting, but it is very complex, and if you are going to know about birds, you are going to have a lot to learn!

First of all, you have the respiratory system of the birds. They have a high oxygen demand because of the high metabolic rate. This means that they have a respiratory system that is much more efficient than the one a mammal or reptile has. They can ventilate their lungs much more easily, and the lungs are the sites of gas exchange.

When it comes to their circulatory system, birds have a four-chambered heart, which is the same as most mammals. This means that they can get nutrients to their body as well as oxygen very easily. The bird’s heart is going to beat much more quickly that the mammals heart, due to what they have to do to survive.

The digestive system of birds is very interesting. Most of them have a muscular pouch that is called a crop which is formed along their esophagus. It helps them to soften food, as well as regulates the flow of that food through the bird’s system, because the food can be stored in this pouch and used as needed.

The Skeletal system of a bird is interesting as well. Because the bird is intended to fly, the skeleton is adapted for this. It is very lightweight, which would allow the bird to get off of the ground. On the other hand, it is very strong, so that it doesn’t break when a bird takes off or lands.

Birds also have a wide range of muscles, usually about 175, that are going to control how the bird moves. Birds also have very sharp eyesight, much better than that of humans. Birds are able to reproduce by making sperm and fertilizing eggs in order to breed.

All in all, the anatomy of the bird is very interesting and different from that of mammals. If you are going to be a bird owner, and if you are going to know everything there is to know about your pet bird, it is very important that you do all that you can to make sure you understand how the bird’s body works. This will help you to be a good pet owner, and it will help your bird to live a long and happy life.

Caring for Aging Pet Birds

When you have any kinds of animals at home, you know that you want to take care of them for as long as they belong to you. For many people this is going to mean that as their pets get older, they have to figure out how to care for them. Caring for a pet as they get older is always very important, because not only is it your pet that you are caring for, it is a way to keep your pet comfortable and in your life for longer. No one wants to know that their pet isn’t comfortable, and so as your pet bird ages, it is important that you do all that you can to take care of them.

Pet birds live for various amounts of time. There are many pet birds that will live for a couple of years, but there are also pet birds that can live much, much longer. That means that in order to properly care for your aging pet bird, the first thing that you need to do is to figure out how long they are going to live for. Most birds don’t really change their appearance, as they get older, so you want to be sure that you know when your pet is going to be an old bird, so that you can prepare for this.

There isn’t much that changes in birds as they age. If your pet bird spends most of his time in his cage, you are probably going to find that he appears to be the same, day after day. However, in most cases, your bird is going through changes that you simply can’t see as he gets older. So, to make sure that you are able to properly care for him, a good thing to do is to take careful notice of him and what he does when he is a young bird. You might want to take notice of the things that he does – how far he hops or flies, and what kind of action he has during the day. This way, as he starts to get older, you can see if he is changing anything about the way he acts.

The best thing that you can do to help your bird age in a way that is good for them is to make sure that they always have access to the things that are important, such as fresh water and food, and treats. These things should be placed in areas where your bird doesn’t have to do a lot of moving to get there, so that as he gets older, he is still able to take care of himself.

Safe Toys for your Pet Bird

When concerning yourself with your pet bird’s health it is important to understand bird safety. Your bird’s vet can go over basic safety with you concerning your bird, but to truly be safe, it is important for you to learn about bird safety before you ever get a pet bird in the first place. Being in charge of a pet bird is like being in charge of a child—they need constant care and your attention to be safe at all times. When learning about bird safety, make sure that you learn which toys are good for your birds and which could be unsafe.

All birds need toys. Because your bird will be in a cage much of the time, toys provide entertainment and activity. Not having toys could lead to bored, depression, and obesity in your pet bird. However, if you choose the wrong toys, your boy could get hurt. Not all bird toys made are appropriate for every bird.

First, consider the size of the toy. Birds come in many different sizes, as do bird toys. If you get a toy that is too small for your bird, he or she could eat it and choke, like can happen if you give a very young child a small toy. However, toys that are too large could also be a problem. When a toy is too large, not only will your bird not be able to play with it, but he or she may also be scared of it, or it could fall/swing and hurt your bird. Buy toys that your bird can comfortably play with.

When purchasing toys, also read the label to make sure they are dyed with natural things like vegetable dyes, or else they should be untreated completely. Birds will chew on everything, so other materials could be harmful. If your toys include metal parts, talk to your vet, because some metals can make a bird very sick in some cases.

When you purchase a toy, attaching it in your bird’s cage is also an important part of safety. Never use clips not made for this purpose, as they can be made of an unsafe metal or snap off, causing your bird to be hurt when playing. Instead, use string to attach the toy or use clips made for birdcages.

Of course, your vet’s office may sell toys for your bird that are both safe and fun. If your bird is ever injured by playing with a toy, make sure to call the vet right away. Having your vet’s phone number on hand is important to make sure that your bird gets the best care possible.

Psittacosis: The Parrot Fever

When you are dealing with Psittacosis, you are dealing with a sickness that is found in birds but can be transmitted to other animals, as well as to people. It is a disease that is caused by an organism called Chlamydophila psittaci. Psittacosis can be infectious to humans, birds, cows, cats, sheep, goats and pigs. It will also infect all different kinds of birds.

Most of the time, birds get it from one another by inhaling dust from the droppings or from the feathers of the birds that have been infected. When a lot of birds have been together, like in a pet shop or boarding place, it might happen more often.

There are several symptoms that might show that your bird has Psittacosis, even though there aren’t any for sure symptoms. If your bird doesn’t eat or drink, loses weight, is depressed or listless, or has watery green droppings as well as discharge from anywhere, or dies suddenly, it might have Psittacosis. Even if a bird doesn’t show symptoms, it can still be a carrier, and can pass it to its offspring.

If you think your bird has Psittacosis, you have to be sure that it goes to a vet, even though diagnosis is tough. Treatment should begin right away ,and is going to be done by a vet and should only be done by an avian vet. You should also get any birds that have been exposed to your sick bird treated as well.

There are several things that you can do to make sure that you prevent any of your birds from getting Psittacosis. You should always take your new pet birds to the vet, and should isolate them from other birds for at least 6 weeks to make sure that nothing develops. You should also only get your pet birds from a supplier that has a good reputation.

It is possible for humans to get Psittacosis. If you are sick or elderly, or have an immunosuppressing condition, you are gong to be at high risk. If you have lots of exposure to birds, and have developed something that seems like a prolonged flue, you are going to want to talk to your doctor about your exposure to birds and see if this could be the cause of your ailment.

Remember as well that good hygiene plays a role. Be sure to wash your hands carefully after handing your pet bird or anything that comes into contact with your pet bird.

Health Care for your New Pet Bird

When you bring an animal into your home as a pet, no matter what type of animal it is, there are always things that you are going to want to do to make sure that that animal is well taken care of and is going to live a long and happy life. Such is the case with your new pet bird. You are going to want to make sure that you know a few things about how to care for your new pet bird so that he can live a happy life.

First of all it is important to recognize that not all pet birds are the same. This means that not all care is going to be given in the same way for the pet birds, so you have to be sure that you know exactly what you are getting into. This means that before you bring a pet bird home to live in your house, you have to research that exact type and breed of bird. Don’t rely on general pet bird info for each pet bird, and how to care for them. You have to be a responsible pet owner and be sure that you know exactly what your particular pet bird needs.

Next, there are some general pet bird rules that will come into play to help you be sure your pet bird is well taken care of. First, be sure that their cage is located in a spot where the temperature can be easily controlled. This should be spot that never gets too hot or too cold. If it is near a window, you have to be sure that the sun does not shine directly on it, and also that there is no draft that can come in and make your bird chilled. Controlling your bird’s environment is the first step to making sure that they are healthy and happy.

Next, you should set up a schedule to make sure that they are getting the proper food and water often. You always want to be sure that they have fresh food and clean water, so you should be sure to watch them carefully and see how often you are going to have to do this. The cage is something else that you have to be very careful of, you have to be sure that you are cleaning it out regularly so that there isn’t any smell, or any chance for sicknesses to develop.

Birds and Metal Poisoning

When you own a pet bird, you know that there are always going to be things that you should look out for, and things that you have to be careful of so that your bird doesn’t get sick or injured. You always want to be on the lookout for things that will help your bird be happy and healthy, and you never want to be in a situation where you have done anything careless that is going to let your pet bird become sick. Birds and metal poisoning is something that you want to keep in mind when you own pet birds.

Many times, people keep their pet birds in cages that are designed just for them. This is the best way to do this, as the manufacturers of the birdcages are going to be sure to use proper things in the birdcage – things that aren’t going to make your bird sick. You should always keep your pet birds in a cage that is designed for them. First of all, they are going to be less likely to get out, and second of all, you know that the cage has been built and designed to hold pet birds, and therefore is not going to be harmful in any way.

If you keep your pet bird somewhere other than a bird cage, or if you let your pet bird roam in your house without supervising them, you always run the risk of having your bird be poisoned by something. Like any other animal, a bird will explore his surroundings, and might be tempted to nibble on the bars of a cage, or on something in your home. If there are metals that are unhealthy for birds, you might find yourself with a very sick bird.

The best way to avoid metal poisoning in your pet bird is to make sure that you are keeping your bird either in a cage that is designed for him, or that you have gone to the trouble to research your cage’s materials to be sure that they aren’t going to harm your bird. Also, you have to be sure to supervise your pet bird very much when he is out of the cage to be sure that he doesn’t get into anything he shouldn’t. A good way to do this is to bird proof the room that he will be in, and to make sure that nothing in that room is going to harm him. Then, while he is out, be sure to keep a good eye on him so he doesn’t get into trouble.

Code Red: Emergency Illness and Your Bird

When you bird suddenly becomes ill, your very first step should be to call your vet. However, there are things you can do to prevent your bird from dying and to make your bird more comfortable while waiting for your vet or while on the way to the animal hospital. Birds make wonderful pets, but they require lots of work and attention, so if your bird becomes ill suddenly, it is important to provide the best care possible.

First, keep your bird hydrated. Just like humans, a sick bird can easily lose hydration, which can lead to a number of problems. Eating is important as well. If necessary, force-feed your bird. This will provide your bird’s body with the needed energy for fighting the illness. Your vet can instruct you on what to feed your bird and how to do it. In general, you should remove other foods from the cage to ensure that your bird is eating only the healthy foods for sick birds that you are providing.

It is also important that your bird be warm. A heater or light can make your bird uncomfortable, but make sure that your bird’s cage is in a warm room and provide a hot water bottle in the cage for your bird. Sick birds should have an environmental temperature of about 30 degrees Celsius, unless instructed otherwise by your vet.

When your bird is sick, quarantine from other birds or pets is usually recommended. Have an extra, smaller cage on hand use for this purpose and keep the ill bird in a different room. Use disinfecting sprays when handling he sick bird and clean his or her cage often to kill bacteria. To keep the germs low, keep the water levels in the cage as low as possible and replace often in order to stop bacteria from breeding.

If your bird is very ill, do not hesitate to take him or her to the local animal hospital. If possible, have someone else call or announce that you will be coming and get on the road, early treatment is the key to saving your bird’s life in many cases. Sometimes, no matter how well you care for your pet bird, his or her health will simply suffer. Make sure that you are providing the best home possible, and the rest is up to chance. The important thing is to look after your bird when he or she is sick to help your bird heal and become well again as soon as possible.

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  • The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is the principal Federal agency charged with protecting and enhancing the populations and habitat of more than 800 species of birds that spend all or part of their lives in the United States.<a href="#hdng0">(More...)</a>

  • The following pages contain lists, of nearly all the bird species recorded within the Fermilab site boundaries.<a href="#hdng1">(More...)</a>



<a name="hdng0"></a>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is the principal Federal agency charged with protecting and enhancing the populations and habitat of more than 800 species of birds that spend all or part of their lives in the United States. <a href="http://www.fws.gov/birds/" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a> Important note: Information from this site is being incorporated into the site for our Division of Migratory Birds <A href="http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds"> Division of Migratory Birds</A> at http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds <A href="http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds">http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds</A>. This site will be taken down at the end of February.<a href="http://www.fws.gov/birds/" TARGET="_blank" [1]</a>

Here we present photographs, songs, videos, identification tips, maps, and life history information for North American birds. User's note added 18 June 2002: We caution users against use of on-the-fly translator sites, as they introduce modifications and distortions of the text.<a href="http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/infocenter.html" TARGET="_blank" [2]</a>

Avian influenza viruses circulate among birds worldwide. Certain birds, particularly water birds, act as hosts for influenza viruses by carrying the virus in their intestines and shedding it.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/spread.htm" TARGET="_blank" [3]</a> Spread of Avian Influenza Viruses among Birds Welcome to the CDC website for the 2006 Outbreak of E. coli from Fresh Spinach.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/spread.htm" TARGET="_blank" [3]</a> Domesticated birds may become infected with avian influenza virus through direct contact with infected waterfowl or other infected poultry, or through contact with surfaces (such as dirt or cages) or materials (such as water or feed) that have been contaminated with virus. People, vehicles, and other inanimate objects such as cages can be vectors for the spread of influenza virus from one farm to another. When this happens, avian influenza outbreaks can occur among poultry.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/spread.htm" TARGET="_blank" [3]</a> Infected birds shed virus in saliva, nasal secretions, and feces. Susceptible birds can become infected with avian influenza virus when they have contact with contaminated nasal, respiratory, or fecal material from infected birds.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/spread.htm" TARGET="_blank" [3]</a>

Fecal-to-oral transmission is the most common mode of spread between birds. Most often, the wild birds that are host to the virus do not get sick, but they can spread influenza to other birds.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/spread.htm" TARGET="_blank" [3]</a>

Infection with certain avian influenza A viruses (for example, some H5 and H7 strains) can cause widespread disease and death among some species of domesticated birds. (For more information, see " Low Pathogenic versus Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Low Pathogenic versus Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses.")<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/spread.htm" TARGET="_blank" [3]</a> For the most current information about avian influenza and cumulative case numbers, see the World Health Organization (WHO) avian influenza website <a href="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/en/">World Health Organization opnbrktWHOclsbrkt avian influenza website</a>. Of the human cases associated with the ongoing H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and wild birds in Asia and parts of Europe, the Near East and Africa, more than half of those people reported infected with the virus have died.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm" TARGET="_blank" [4]</a>

This fact sheet provides general information about avian influenza (bird flu) and information about one type of bird flu, called avian influenza A (H5N1), that has caused infections in birds and in humans.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm" TARGET="_blank" [4]</a>

All known subtypes of influenza A viruses can be found in birds. Usually, "avian influenza virus" refers to influenza A viruses found chiefly in birds, but infections with these viruses can occur in humans.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm" TARGET="_blank" [4]</a> There are only three known A subtypes of influenza viruses (H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2) currently circulating among humans. It is likely that some genetic parts of current human influenza A viruses came from birds originally. Influenza A viruses are constantly changing, and they might adapt over time to infect and spread among humans.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm" TARGET="_blank" [4]</a>

Most cases of avian influenza infection in humans have resulted from contact with infected poultry (e.g., domesticated chicken, ducks, and turkeys) or surfaces contaminated with secretion/excretions from infected birds.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm" TARGET="_blank" [4]</a> During an outbreak of avian influenza among poultry, there is a possible risk to people who have contact with infected birds or surfaces that have been contaminated with secretions or excretions from infected birds.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm" TARGET="_blank" [4]</a> Domesticated birds may become infected with avian influenza virus through direct contact with infected waterfowl or other infected poultry, or through contact with surfaces (such as dirt or cages) or materials (such as water or feed) that have been contaminated with the virus.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm" TARGET="_blank" [4]</a> Though the effort to restore the historic bird populations has been slow, Everglades National Park remains a popular destination for bird enthusiasts from around the world.<a href="http://www.nps.gov/ever/naturescience/birds.htm" TARGET="_blank" [5]</a> Checklist of Birds in Everglades National Park more.<a href="http://www.nps.gov/ever/naturescience/birds.htm" TARGET="_blank" [5]</a> The North American Bird Banding Program is jointly administered by the United States Department of the Interior <a href="http://www.doi.gov" target>United States Department of the Interior</a> and the Canadian Wildlife Service <a href="http://www.cws-scf.ec.gc.ca/index_e.cfm">Canadian Wildlife Service</a>. Their respective banding offices have similar functions and policies and use the same bands, reporting forms and data formats.<a href="http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbl/" TARGET="_blank" [6]</a> Abatement refers to the training and use of raptors to flush, haze, or take birds (or other wildlife where allowed) to mitigate depredation and nuisance problems, including human health and safety threats.<a href="http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has finalized a rule allowing the Armed Forces to take migratory birds in the course of military readiness activities, as directed by the 2003 National Defense Authorization Act.<a href="http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> All the birds listed are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. The BMC is available in Appendix 4 of the Migratory Bird Program Strategic Plan and at this web site.<a href="http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> We have published a Notice Notice announcing finalized permit conditions to allow the use of raptors protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act for commercial abatement activities.<a href="http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a>

Migratory Bird Data Center Find bird data and information useful in planning and evaluation of bird conservation strategies as well as in natural resource management.<a href="http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> Focal Species Strategy. The Migratory Bird Progam is initiating a new strategy to better measure its success in achieving its bird conservation priorities and mandates. Read the fact sheet and download presentations Read the fact sheet and download presentations on this new strategy.<a href="http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a> The Birds of Management Concern (BMC) was developed to provide important focus for the Service's migratory bird conservation efforts between 2004-2014.<a href="http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/" TARGET="_blank" [7]</a>

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<a name="hdng1"></a>The following pages contain lists, of nearly all the bird species recorded within the Fermilab site boundaries. <a href="http://www.fnal.gov/ecology/wildlife/list.shtml" TARGET="_blank" [8]</a>

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<a name="sources"><a href="#" onclick="toggle_visibility('srcs'); return false;" title="Most Informative Documents, used in preparation of this report.">
SELECTED SOURCES<image src="apx4.jpg" alt="Most Informative Documents, used in preparation of this report."></a>



1. <a href="http://www.fws.gov/birds/" TARGET="_blank">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Birds</a>
<a href="http://www.fws.gov/birds/" TARGET="_blank">http://www.fws.gov/birds/</a>

2. <a href="http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/infocenter.html" TARGET="_blank">Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter</a>
<a href="http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/infocenter.html" TARGET="_blank">http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/infocenter.html</a>

3. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/spread.htm" TARGET="_blank">CDC - Avian Influenza (Flu) |Spread of Avian Influenza Viruses among Birds</a>
<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/spread.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/spread.htm</a>

4. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm" TARGET="_blank">CDC - Avian Influenza (Flu) | Key Facts About Avian Influenza</a>
<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm</a>

5. <a href="http://www.nps.gov/ever/naturescience/birds.htm" TARGET="_blank">Everglades National Park - Birds (U.S. National Park Service)</a>
<a href="http://www.nps.gov/ever/naturescience/birds.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.nps.gov/ever/naturescience/birds.htm</a>

6. <a href="http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbl/" TARGET="_blank">USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Bird Banding Laboratory</a>
<a href="http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbl/" TARGET="_blank">http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbl/</a>

7. <a href="http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/" TARGET="_blank">Division of Migratory Bird Management Home Page, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a>
<a href="http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/" TARGET="_blank">http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/</a>

8. <a href="http://www.fnal.gov/ecology/wildlife/list.shtml" TARGET="_blank">The Fermilab Bird List</a>
<a href="http://www.fnal.gov/ecology/wildlife/list.shtml" TARGET="_blank">http://www.fnal.gov/ecology/wildlife/list.shtml</a>

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