Module:Ancient Greek
Usage
This module transliterates Ancient Greek text. It is based on an old version of the Ancient Greek transliteration module on Wiktionary, with minor modifications to make it callable through a template.
{{#invoke:Ancient Greek|translit|οἷος}}
- hoîos
The code below uses the basic string functions (for instance, Template:Code) when possible. Ustring functions have to be used when patterns contain sets with multiple-byte characters (for instance, Template:Code), or quantifiers that act on multiple-byte characters (Template:Code). And they must be used to correctly get a substring of the ith to the jth Unicode character. In other situations, basic string functions can be used, and are preferred for efficiency's sake, as they don't have to parse the string into codepoints before operating on it.
local p = {} local macron = mw.ustring.char(0x304) local breve = mw.ustring.char(0x306) local rough = mw.ustring.char(0x314) local smooth = mw.ustring.char(0x313) local diaeresis = mw.ustring.char(0x308) local acute = mw.ustring.char(0x301) local grave = mw.ustring.char(0x300) local circumflex = mw.ustring.char(0x342) local Latin_circumflex = mw.ustring.char(0x302) local subscript = mw.ustring.char(0x345) local macron_circumflex = macron .. diaeresis .. '?' .. Latin_circumflex local is_velar = { ['κ'] = true, ['γ'] = true, ['χ'] = true, ['ξ'] = true, } local UTF8_char = "[%z\1-\127\194-\244][\128-\191]*" local basic_Greek = "[\206-\207][\128-\191]" -- excluding first line of Greek and Coptic block: ͰͱͲͳʹ͵Ͷͷͺͻͼͽ;Ϳ local info = {} -- The tables are shared among different characters so that they can be checked -- for equality if needed, and to use less space. local vowel = { vowel = true, diacritic_seat = true } local iota = { vowel = true, diacritic_seat = true, offglide = true } local upsilon = { vowel = true, diacritic_seat = true, offglide = true } -- Technically rho is only a seat for rough or smooth breathing. local rho = { consonant = true, diacritic_seat = true } local consonant = { consonant = true } local diacritic = { diacritic = true } -- Needed for equality comparisons. local breathing = { diacritic = true } local function add_info(characters, t) if type(characters) == "string" then for character in string.gmatch(characters, UTF8_char) do info[character] = t end else for _, character in ipairs(characters) do info[character] = t end end end add_info({ macron, breve, diaeresis, acute, grave, circumflex, subscript, }, diacritic) add_info({rough, smooth}, breathing) add_info("ΑΕΗΟΩαεηοω", vowel) add_info("Ιι", iota) add_info("Υυ", upsilon) add_info("ΒΓΔΖΘΚΛΜΝΞΠΡΣΤΦΧΨϜϘϺϷͶϠβγδζθκλμνξπρσςτφχψϝϙϻϸͷϡ", consonant) add_info("Ρρ", rho) local not_recognized = {} setmetatable(info, { __index = function() return not_recognized end }) local function quote(str) return "“" .. str .. "”" end local correspondences = { -- Vowels ["α"] = "a", ["ε"] = "e", ["η"] = "e" .. macron, ["ι"] = "i", ["ο"] = "o", ["υ"] = "u", ["ω"] = "o" .. macron, -- Consonants ["β"] = "b", ["γ"] = "g", ["δ"] = "d", ["ζ"] = "z", ["θ"] = "th", ["κ"] = "k", ["λ"] = "l", ["μ"] = "m", ["ν"] = "n", ["ξ"] = "x", ["π"] = "p", ["ρ"] = "r", ["σ"] = "s", ["ς"] = "s", ["τ"] = "t", ["φ"] = "ph", ["ψ"] = "ps", -- Archaic letters ["ϝ"] = "w", ["ϻ"] = "ś", ["ϙ"] = "q", ["ϡ"] = "š", ["ͷ"] = "v", -- Diacritics [smooth] = '', [rough] = '', -- h is added below in the `transliterate` function. [breve] = '', } local ALA_LC = { ["χ"] = "ch", [acute] = '', [grave] = '', [circumflex] = '', [subscript] = '', [diaeresis] = '', [macron] = '', } local Wiktionary_transliteration = { ["χ"] = "kh", [circumflex] = Latin_circumflex, [subscript] = 'i', } local function add_index_metamethod(t, index_metamethod) local mt = getmetatable(t) if not mt then mt = {} setmetatable(t, mt) end mt.__index = index_metamethod end --[=[ This breaks a word into meaningful "tokens", which are individual letters or diphthongs with their diacritics. Used by [[Module:grc-accent]] and [[Module:grc-pronunciation]]. --]=] local function tokenize(text) local tokens, vowel_info, prev_info = {}, {}, {} local token_i = 1 local prev for character in string.gmatch(mw.ustring.toNFD(text), UTF8_char) do local curr_info = info[character] -- Split vowels between tokens if not a diphthong. if curr_info.vowel then if prev and (not (curr_info.offglide and prev_info.vowel) -- υυ → υ, υ -- ιυ → ι, υ or prev_info.offglide and curr_info == upsilon) then token_i = token_i + 1 end tokens[token_i] = (tokens[token_i] or "") .. character table.insert(vowel_info, { index = token_i }) elseif curr_info.diacritic then tokens[token_i] = (tokens[token_i] or "") .. character if prev_info.vowel or prev_info.diacritic then if character == diaeresis then -- Current token is vowel, vowel, possibly other diacritics, -- and a diaeresis. -- Split the current token into two: -- the first letter, then the second letter plus any diacritics. local previous_vowel, vowel_with_diaeresis = string.match(tokens[token_i], "^(" .. basic_Greek .. ")(" .. basic_Greek .. ".+)") if previous_vowel then tokens[token_i], tokens[token_i + 1] = previous_vowel, vowel_with_diaeresis token_i = token_i + 1 end end elseif prev_info == rho then if curr_info ~= breathing then return string.format("The character %s cannot have the accent %s on it.", prev, "◌" .. character) end else error("The character " .. quote(prev) .. " cannot have a diacritic on it.") end elseif curr_info == rho then if prev and not (prev_info == breathing and info[string.match(tokens[token_i], "^" .. basic_Greek)] == rho) then token_i = token_i + 1 end tokens[token_i] = (tokens[token_i] or "") .. character else if prev then token_i = token_i + 1 end tokens[token_i] = (tokens[token_i] or "") .. character end prev = character prev_info = curr_info end return tokens end function p.transliterate(text, system) add_index_metamethod(correspondences, system == "ALA-LC" and ALA_LC or Wiktionary_transliteration) if text == '῾' then return 'h' end text = mw.ustring.toNFD(text) --[[ Replace semicolon or Greek question mark with regular question mark, except after an ASCII alphanumeric character (to avoid converting semicolons in HTML entities). --]] text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "([^A-Za-z0-9])[;" .. mw.ustring.char(0x37E) .. "]", "%1?") -- Handle the middle dot. It is equivalent to semicolon or colon, but semicolon is probably more common. text = text:gsub("·", ";") local tokens = tokenize(text) --now read the tokens local output = {} for i, token in pairs(tokens) do -- substitute each character in the token for its transliteration local translit = string.gsub(mw.ustring.lower(token), UTF8_char, correspondences) if token == 'γ' and is_velar[tokens[i + 1]] then -- γ before a velar should be <n> translit = 'n' elseif token == 'ρ' and tokens[i - 1] == 'ρ' then -- ρ after ρ should be <rh> translit = 'rh' elseif system == "Wiktionary" and mw.ustring.find(token, '^[αΑ].*' .. subscript .. '$') then -- add macron to ᾳ translit = mw.ustring.gsub(translit, '([aA])', '%1' .. macron) end if token:find(rough) then if mw.ustring.find(token, '[Ρρ]') then translit = translit .. 'h' else -- vowel translit = 'h' .. translit end end if system == "ALA-LC" and mw.ustring.find(token, '^[υΥ][^ιΙ]*$') then translit = translit:gsub('u', 'y'):gsub('U', 'Y') end -- Remove macron from a vowel that has a circumflex. if mw.ustring.find(translit, macron_circumflex) then translit = translit:gsub(macron, '') end -- Capitalize first character of transliteration. if token ~= mw.ustring.lower(token) then translit = mw.ustring.gsub(translit, "^.", mw.ustring.upper) end table.insert(output, translit) end return table.concat(output) end function p.translit(frame) local text = frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1] local system = frame.args.system if system == nil or system == "" then system = "Wiktionary" elseif not (system == "ALA-LC" or system == "Wiktionary") then error('Transliteration system in |system= not recognized; choose between "ALA-LC" and "Wiktionary"') end local transliteration = p.transliterate(text, system) return '<span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>' .. transliteration .. '</i></span>' end function p.bare_translit(frame) return p.transliterate(frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1]) end return p